本文選題：阿多諾　切入點：啟蒙　出處：《陜西師范大學》2002年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：阿多諾是法蘭克福學派最著名的代表人物，也是社會批判理論的創(chuàng)始人之一。其美學理論主要分為二大部分，一是對文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的批判，二是對現(xiàn)代主義藝術的建構。阿多諾是一名具有敏銳藝術感受力的思辯哲學家，習慣從哲學的角度來思索美學與藝術問題。但目前國內(nèi)學者較少把其哲學思想與美學理論很好地聯(lián)系起來，大多分而述之。本文將嘗試著以啟蒙的反思作為切入點，對其建立在否定辯證法基礎之上的現(xiàn)代美學理論作一梳理。希望能起到拋磚引玉之功效，有更多的學者對阿多諾的哲學、美學思想進行更深入的研究。全文共分為四個部分。 一、啟蒙的反思。啟蒙是人類改造自然的文明活動，是旨在祛除某種神秘的、幻象的世界表象而進行的一系列理智的和實踐的操作。阿多諾從現(xiàn)代性異變角度展開對啟蒙的反思，揭露了啟蒙向神話，理性向非理性轉化的必然性，同時也找到了藝術走向衰亡的根源。 二、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的批判。文化工業(yè)實際上是啟蒙的理性文明在當代資本主義社會的惡性發(fā)展，它取代了真正的藝術，而作為虛假的藝術操縱了現(xiàn)代生活，阿多諾正是從對文化工業(yè)的解析與批判出發(fā)，從另一方面尋求藝術已進入它的沒落時代的根源。 三、否定的辯證法。否定辯證法研究非概念、特殊與個別的東西，它從同一性轉向非同一性，不承認矛盾雙方的對立統(tǒng)一，認為矛盾是不可解決的，認為只有否定而沒有肯定的，，更不承認否定的否定是肯定。認為否定是不包含任何肯定因素的絕對否定，是否定一切的全盤否定。阿多諾正是在這種哲學基礎上建構其現(xiàn)代主義藝術理論的。 四、現(xiàn)代主義藝術的建構。阿多諾在反思啟蒙的基礎上對現(xiàn)代資本主義的基本狀況作了充分的分析。日常生活已在總體上被管理化了，而文化產(chǎn)業(yè)又是沒有出路的，于是他拯救人類于絕望中的理想，只能轉向美學、轉向藝術。由于現(xiàn)代社會出現(xiàn)了普遍異化的現(xiàn)象，藝術不再成為素樸的藝術。故現(xiàn)代社會唯一可能的藝術就是反叛現(xiàn)實、否定現(xiàn)實的現(xiàn)代主義藝術。故否定性是現(xiàn)代主義藝術的本質(zhì)特征，同時還具有七大審美特征：異在性、前瞻性、精神性、無概念性、自律性與社會性的統(tǒng)一、難解性、拒絕交流等�，F(xiàn)代主義藝術同時承擔著批判現(xiàn)實資本主義和救贖人類的雙重職責。 阿多諾雖然對一體化、管理化的現(xiàn)代工業(yè)社會進行了強烈的抨擊，但主要停 留在從觀念層次上對現(xiàn)實社會的單純否定，只是通過現(xiàn)代主義藝術在材神上去反 對現(xiàn)實．其文化救贖、藝術救贖的理想必然破滅． 阿多諾對現(xiàn)代資本主義文明的反思，對文化工業(yè)的批判，以及對否定辯證法 思想與現(xiàn)代主義藝術理論的闡述是非常深刻的、獨特的，不僅在當時產(chǎn)生了巨大 的社會影響，就是在今天仍然對我們具有啟發(fā)意義．
[Abstract]:Adorno is one of the most famous representatives of the Frankfurt school, but also one of the founders of the social critical theory. His aesthetic theory is mainly divided into two parts, one is the criticism of cultural industry, the two is the construction of modem art. Adorno is a keen artistic sensibility of the speculative philosopher, accustomed to thinking about aesthetics and art from the angle of philosophy. But scholars have less the philosophy and aesthetic theory well together, most of the points. This paper will try to reflections on enlightenment as a starting point, to establish in the negative dialectics on the basis of the theory of modern aesthetics as a sort of hope. The effect of more scholars on Adorno's philosophy, more in-depth study of aesthetics. The thesis is divided into four parts.
A, reflections on enlightenment. Enlightenment is transforming the nature of human civilization, is to get rid of some mysterious, the operation of the fantasy world and the appearance of a series of rational and practical. Adorno reflection on Enlightenment from modernity change angle, reveals the enlightenment to the myth of rationality to the necessity of non rational transformation at the same time, also found the root of art to decline.
Two, criticism of the cultural industry. Cultural industry is actually a rational civilization enlightenment malignant development in contemporary capitalist society, it replaces the real art and art as a false manipulation of modern life, Adorno is starting from the analysis and critique of culture industry, seek the origin of art has entered its decline in the age of on the other hand.
Three, negative dialectics. Negative dialectics of non concept, special and something else, it is the identity to the non identity, does not recognize the unity of opposites between the two sides, that the contradiction is not solved, but not sure that only negative, but does not recognize the negation of negation is positive. That is absolutely does not contain any negative negative positive factors, is all negated. Adorno is the construction of the theory of modern art in the philosophy basis.
Four, the construction of modern art. He based on the reflections on the Enlightenment of the basic condition of modern capitalism has made full analysis. The daily life had been managed wholly, and the cultural industry, and there is no way out, so he save mankind from the despair of the ideal, only to turn to aesthetics, art. In the modern society, widespread alienation, art is no longer pure. So in modern society, the only possible art is anti reality, deny the reality of modern art. The negative is the essential characteristic of modern art, but also has seven aesthetic characteristics: differences in the nature, forward-looking, spirit, no the concept of autonomy, unity, and social problem, refused to exchange. Modern art has two functions to criticize the reality of capitalism and the redemption of mankind.
Although Adorno has made a strong attack on the integration and management of modern industrial society, it is mainly stopped.
The simple negation of the real society from the conceptual level is only through the art of modernism in the material God.
To reality, its cultural redemption, the ideal of art redemption must be disillusioned.
Adorno's reflection on modern capitalist civilization, criticism of cultural industry, and negation of Dialectics
The elaboration of thought and modernist art theory is very profound and unique, not only in the time that it was huge.
The social influence is still enlightening to us today.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：J0

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