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  本文關鍵詞：論海明威與三島由紀夫創(chuàng)作死亡主題的不同　出處：《曲阜師范大學》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 海明威 三島由紀夫 死亡主題 永恒 虛無

【摘要】：海明威和三島由紀夫是20世紀東西方文壇上的兩位重要作家。他們雖然都極力關注死亡主題,但有很大不同。 海明威對死亡的探究可以相應地分為三個階段：早期,海明威對死亡是好奇,困惑。最初他對死亡充滿了孩童般的天真無邪,在其死亡初探《印第安營地》中,主人公自認為“永遠不會死”；但現(xiàn)實的殘酷摧毀了他最初的戰(zhàn)爭理想主義,對死亡的天真轉(zhuǎn)而變成了對生與死的迷惘和困惑,如《永別了,武器》、《太陽照常升起》。中期,戰(zhàn)爭既褪去了海明威對死亡的天真,也褪去了他對死亡的迷惘與困惑。他發(fā)現(xiàn),躲避死亡,一味地追求虛無是無意義的。他開始接受死亡,并探求一種新生。在《乞力馬扎羅山上的雪》中,海明威終于發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個人肉體的死亡與精神的死亡是兩個截然不同的概念,他作品中的主人公開始尋求精神的不死,最終在《喪鐘為誰而鳴》完成了這一探索。后期,海明威看到：在人類與自然的戰(zhàn)斗中,人永遠是失敗者,人類是無法征服死亡的。但人類可以從精神上戰(zhàn)勝死亡,實現(xiàn)精神的永恒。在《老人與海》中,海明威對生死表現(xiàn)出超然的態(tài)度和達觀的境界。他堅定的認為,每個人都應該勇敢地直視死亡,克服對死亡的恐懼,以最大限度地實現(xiàn)生命的價值。這時期海明威已經(jīng)可以站在悲劇美的高度去審視死亡。他認為死亡必須是壯美與尊嚴的體現(xiàn)。 三島由紀夫?qū)λ劳龅膱?zhí)意追求也經(jīng)歷了三個階段：早期,三島把死看成是一種美,他和他作品中的人物對死亡都是一種“浪漫的向往”。他筆下的死亡是一種“澄明的美”,散發(fā)著香味,他作品中的死亡描寫雖然暴戾但不殘酷,如《金閣寺》。中期,三島開始將他的政治觀賦予文學實踐。這一時期三島作品中的死亡主題被染上濃厚的政治色彩,他認為人生的極致就是為天皇而死,如《憂國》等作品。后期,三島由紀夫把他的美學觀、文學觀和政治觀都集于《豐饒之�！�,想借助佛家的“輪回轉(zhuǎn)生”,對他一生的追求做個總結(jié)。可事實上,因為思想的混亂,三島在這部作品的后半部分顯示出了無力,最后自己否定作品中人物三次轉(zhuǎn)生的意義。三島由紀夫的這一否定即是對他一生追求的否定。 海明威對死亡的探索經(jīng)歷了困惑——坦然接受——超越的過程,這既是死亡認識上的提高,也是戰(zhàn)勝死亡的精神升華；三島由紀夫?qū)λ劳龅年U釋經(jīng)歷了為美而死——為天皇而死——虛無之死,三島誤入歧途,只能使他的文學之路越走越窄,最終虛無。海明威對死亡的闡釋經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗,成為人類對抗不幸和死亡的精神支柱；而三島由紀夫的死亡觀則從始至終受到爭議,誰也沒有辦法給他一個穩(wěn)固的正身。
[Abstract]:Hemingway and Yukio Mishima are two important writers in the eastern and Western literary circles in the twentieth Century. They are both highly concerned about the theme of death, but they are very different.
Hemingway on the death of the inquiry can be divided into three stages: the early death of Hemingway, is curious and confused. He initially to death full of childlike innocence, on the death of "Indian camp", the protagonist that "will never die"; but the cruel reality destroyed him first the war of idealism, on the death of innocent turned into the life and death of confusion and confusion, such as "farewell to arms", "the sun also rises. The middle, the war is lost on the death of Hemingway also lost his innocence, disorientation and confusion of death. He found that to avoid a death. The pursuit of nothingness is meaningless. He began to accept death, and to explore a new life. In" the snows of Kilimanjaro ", Hemingway finally found that person's physical death and spiritual death are two distinct concepts in his works The immortal hero began to seek spirit, finally in "for whom the bell tolls on completion of this exploration. Later, Hemingway see: in human and nature in the fight, people will always be a loser, humans are unable to conquer death. But human beings can conquer death from the spirit, the spirit of the eternal. In" the old man and the sea, Hemingway on the death shown aloof and philosophical attitude. He firmly believes that everyone should be brave to face death, to overcome the fear of death, in order to maximize the value of life. During this period, Hemingway has the beauty of tragedy can stand in the height to look at death. He believes that death must be magnificent and dignity.
On the death of Yukio Mishima pursued, has gone through three stages: early stage, Mishima put the dead as a kind of beauty, and his characters in his works are a "romantic longing for death. His death is a" clear beauty ", exudes the fragrance, in his works the description of death although violent but not cruel, such as" the temple of the Golden Pavilion. The mid, Mishima began his political view of literary practice. During this period, the theme of death in Mishima's works were infected with strong political color, he thought that life is the ultimate die for the emperor, his other works such as < >. Later, Yukio Mishima his aesthetics, literary and political views are set in < > to the sea of fertility, with the aid of Buddhism "reincarnation", make a summary of his life pursuit. In fact, because of the confusion of thoughts, Mishima in the second half of this work shows weakness, the most After he denied the characters in the works for three times. The significance of this reincarnation is the negation of the negation of Yukio Mishima's pursuit of his life.
Hemingway experienced confusion -- accept -- beyond the process of the exploration of death, this is the death of knowledge improvements, but also overcome the death spiritual sublimation; Yukio Mishima's explanation of death had died for beauty - - nothing to die for the emperor's death, the three islands have gone astray, can only make his literature increasingly narrow path finally, nothing. Hemingway's explanation of death has withstood the test of time, become a spiritual prop against misfortune and death; and Yukio Mishima's concept of death is always controversial, there is no way to give him a solid body.

【學位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：I106.4;I0-03

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