本文選題：地方戲 + 采茶戲��； 參考：《山西師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 采茶戲,是流行于江西、湖北、湖南、安徽、福建、廣東、廣西等省區(qū)的一種戲曲類別。在各省,每每還以流行的地區(qū)不同,而冠以各地的地名來加以區(qū)別。如廣東的“粵北采茶戲”;廣西的“桂南采茶戲”;福建的“閩西采茶戲”;湖北的“陽(yáng)新采茶戲”、“黃梅采茶戲”、“蘄春采茶戲”等等。這些劇種雖然名目繁多,但它們形成的時(shí)間,大致都在清代中期至清代末年的這一階段。他們的淵源大體相同,都是由采茶歌、采茶調(diào),結(jié)合民間舞蹈,繼而成為一種有人物和故事情節(jié)的民間小戲,并吸收其它的藝術(shù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)逐漸發(fā)展而來的。 采茶戲,尤以江西較為普遍,劇種繁多,遍及全省的各個(gè)地區(qū)。江西采茶戲的劇種,分東南西北中五路,每路采茶均具有濃郁的地域特色,九江采茶戲就是贛北地區(qū)的特色劇種。 九江采茶戲,原名茶燈戲,進(jìn)入“半班”以后,更名為采茶戲,民間俗稱“茶戲”。最早萌芽于“茶歌”,即“采茶調(diào)”。由“采茶歌”發(fā)展到“采茶燈”,由“采茶燈”發(fā)展到“采茶戲”,經(jīng)歷了“茶燈戲”、“三腳班”、“半班”等階段,進(jìn)而發(fā)展成一很有特色的地方劇種。因其唱腔輕柔甜美、婉轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)聽,又有“糯米采茶”之稱。其主要的流行地區(qū)有瑞昌、九江、湖口、彭澤、德安、都昌等縣。 九江采茶戲,屬于板腔體音樂結(jié)構(gòu),其唱腔主要分平板類、花腔類、漢腔類和雜調(diào)類四種。傳統(tǒng)的演出形式是沒有“文場(chǎng)”伴奏的,只有武場(chǎng)的演出,最初期的武場(chǎng)只有兩個(gè)場(chǎng)面,即“司鼓”和“夾手”。演出形式只用打擊樂器伴奏以及眾人應(yīng)和幫腔,不用絲竹樂器。九江采茶戲是“漏板”起唱,俗稱“漏板采茶”,與武寧采茶戲的“頂板”起唱不同。 九江采茶戲表演簡(jiǎn)練樸實(shí),生動(dòng)靈活,詼諧有趣,生活氣息濃烈,具有濃郁的地方特色。扇子、手帕、板凳是最常用的道具。小旦的手帕功,小丑的板凳功;小旦的碎步、扇花,小丑的矮子步等,均有特色。九江采茶戲傳統(tǒng)劇目有“三十六大本,七十二小出”之說,與黃梅采茶戲、黃梅戲有很多相同之處。其民間戲班遍及九江地區(qū),有不少享有名氣的戲班,如九江縣的戴山班子、李家榨班子等,也有專業(yè)劇團(tuán)——瑞昌采茶劇團(tuán)。還有眾多的藝人,如李正紅、楊開仟、鄧見學(xué)等,對(duì)九江采茶戲的發(fā)展奉獻(xiàn)畢生的精力和心血。 九江采茶戲有過輝煌的歷史,也遭受過時(shí)代的創(chuàng)傷,如今又面臨著種種困境:劇目匱乏;人才難尋;觀眾的流失;經(jīng)費(fèi)緊張,包袱沉重等。但同時(shí)采茶戲也迎來戲曲改革的新浪潮,在文化的大繁榮與大發(fā)展的背景下,在政府的大力支持下,采茶戲的文藝工作者和藝人,積極地探索,發(fā)揚(yáng)自主創(chuàng)新精神,力圖為九江采茶戲的發(fā)展拓出一條陽(yáng)光之路。
[Abstract]:Tea picking opera is a popular opera in Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. In the provinces, they are often distinguished by popular geographical names. For example, Guangdong's "North Guangdong Tea picking Drama", Guangxi's "Southern Guangxi Tea picking Drama", Fujian "Minxi Tea picking Opera", Hubei "Yangxin Tea picking Opera", "Huang Mei Tea picking Opera", "Qichun Tea picking Drama" and so on. Although there are many kinds of plays, they were formed in the period from the middle of Qing Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. Their origins are basically the same, by picking tea songs, tea picking, folk dance, and then become a kind of characters and storyline folk drama, and absorb other artistic nutrition gradually developed. Tea-picking drama, especially in Jiangxi Province, a wide range of plays, all over the province. Jiangxi tea-picking drama is divided into east, south and northwest five roads, each tea picking has rich regional characteristics, Jiujiang tea-picking drama is the characteristics of northern Jiangxi. Jiujiang tea-picking drama, formerly known as tea-lantern drama, into the "half-class", changed its name to tea-picking drama, folk commonly known as "tea drama." The earliest germination in the "Tea Song", that is, "the tone of tea." From "Tea picking Song" to "Tea picking Lantern" and from "Tea picking Lantern" to "Tea picking Opera", it has gone through the stages of "Tea Lantern Drama", "Tripod Class" and "half Class", and then developed into a distinctive local drama. Because of its soft and sweet singing, melodious, also known as "glutinous rice tea picking". Its main epidemic areas are Ruichang, Jiujiang, Hukou, Pengze, Dean, Duchang and other counties. Jiujiang tea-picking opera belongs to the music structure of board cavity, and its singing is mainly divided into four types: flat, flower, Han and miscellaneous. The traditional form of performance is not accompanied by "Wenchang", only the performance of Wuchang, the initial stage of only two scenes, that is, "Drum" and "clamping hands." Performance form only percussion instrument accompaniment and everyone to help, not silk bamboo instruments. Jiujiang tea-picking drama is called "leaky board" singing, which is different from Wuning tea picking drama "roof" singing. Jiujiang tea-picking performance is simple, vivid and flexible, witty and interesting, life is strong, with rich local characteristics. Fans, handkerchiefs and benches are the most commonly used props. Xiao Dan's handkerchief work, clown's bench work, small Dan's broken steps, fan flowers, clown's short steps, all have their own characteristics. Jiujiang tea-picking drama traditional repertoire has "36 copies, 72 small out" said, and Huang Mei tea drama, Huangmei opera has a lot in common. Its folk troupes in Jiujiang area, there are many well-known troupes, such as Jiujiang County Dishan team, Li Jiazhen team, but also a professional troupe-Ruichang tea troupe. There are also many artists, such as Li Zhenghong, Yang Kaiqian, Deng Jingxue, devoted to the development of Jiujiang tea opera. Jiujiang tea-picking drama has a glorious history, but also suffered from the trauma of the times. Now it is faced with various difficulties: lack of repertoire, hard to find talent, loss of audience, shortage of funds, heavy burden and so on. But at the same time, the tea-picking drama also ushered in a new wave of opera reform. Under the background of the great prosperity and development of culture, and with the strong support of the government, the writers and artists of the tea-picking drama actively explored and carried forward the spirit of independent innovation. Try to open up a sunny road for the development of Jiujiang tea-picking drama.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：J825

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 胡波;采茶戲的發(fā)展和文化內(nèi)涵研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1835455