本文選題：清中晚期　切入點：北京地區(qū)　出處：《中國藝術(shù)研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：“花譜”一詞最初是指將花卉按照一定規(guī)則分類、記載的文本,其含義在宋代拓展為兼指詩評與品評妓女的文本。明代晚期,文人將品評妓女的方式引入記錄戲曲伶人的傳統(tǒng)使“花譜”的含義再次拓展為記錄、品評戲曲伶人的文本。清中晚期,文人記錄、品評伶人形成風(fēng)尚導(dǎo)致“花譜”的其他含義一度被忽略而專指記錄、品評戲曲伶人以及記錄梨園掌故的文本。因此,本文所言“花譜”應(yīng)為“清代梨園花譜”。私寓,又稱“相公堂子”、“堂子”或“下處”,花譜中記作“某某堂”,如金蘭堂、云和堂等。清中晚期,戲班伶人因收入增加而對居住條件提出更高要求而獨立另辟的居住之所。同時,它也作為戲曲伶人進(jìn)行臺下陪宴侑酒等營業(yè)活動的場所。私寓主人為了賺取銀錢,維持私寓營業(yè)活動而進(jìn)行了一系列收徒授藝的活動,由此在私寓中產(chǎn)生了師承關(guān)系。這種師承關(guān)系因其產(chǎn)生目的、收徒條件、授藝內(nèi)容的特殊性而形成了自己的特點。私寓師承關(guān)系是中國戲曲傳承史上的特殊現(xiàn)象,它為中國戲曲傳承尤其是晚清時期昆曲的傳承和發(fā)展作出了貢獻(xiàn),對中國戲曲具有重大意義。
[Abstract]:The term "pattern" originally refers to the text of classifying and recording flowers according to certain rules, the meaning of which was expanded in Song Dynasty to refer to the text of both poetry evaluation and evaluation of prostitutes.In the late Ming Dynasty, the literati introduced the way of evaluating prostitutes into the tradition of recording opera players, so that the meaning of "pattern" was expanded again to record and evaluate the text of opera actors.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the fashion of literati records and critics led to the neglect of the other meanings of the "pattern" and the special reference to the records, the critics of operas and the texts recording the stories of Li Yuan.Therefore, the "flower spectrum" mentioned in this paper should be "the pear orchard of the Qing Dynasty".Private, also known as "Xianggong Tong son", "Tang son" or "lower place", the design is recorded as "so and so on", such as Jinlan Tang, Yunhe Hall, and so on.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, opera actors set higher demands on living conditions because of the increase of income.At the same time, it also serves as a venue for opera players to accompany business activities such as booze and wine.In order to earn money and maintain private business activities, the owner of private apartment carried out a series of activities of accepting students and teaching art, which resulted in the relationship between teachers and students.This kind of teacher-bearing relationship has formed its own characteristic because of its producing purpose, accepting the apprenticeship condition and the particularity of the art teaching content.The relationship between teacher and teacher is a special phenomenon in the history of Chinese opera inheritance. It contributes to the inheritance and development of Chinese opera, especially the Kunqu Opera in the late Qing Dynasty, which is of great significance to Chinese opera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國藝術(shù)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J809.2

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