【摘要】：克勞斯海因里希曼是20世紀德國偉大的作家之一，特殊的社會經(jīng)歷，造就了他思想的獨特性.他以切身的經(jīng)歷和獨特的視角對社會進行觀察和解剖，其創(chuàng)作中一直表現(xiàn)出對同性戀者身處困境的原因探究，對同性戀命運的思考，具有高度的人道主義價值。他的三部以同性戀為題材的小說，《圣舞》、《悲愴交響曲》、《火山》，更是對同性戀者的處境和命運作出了分析，，具有高度的社會文化價值。 其小說主題豐富多元，可以從多種角度進行解讀，但在中國對于其小說的研究還不甚豐富。作為托馬斯曼作品中不容忽略的一個組成部分，同性戀情結的出現(xiàn)一方面與作者自身的經(jīng)歷密切相關，另一方面從作者的審美視角出發(fā)也對其作品的鋪陳敘述起著重要作用。因此本論文首先欲以克勞斯曼本人的同性戀性取向作為切入點，整體解讀介紹其三部著名的同性戀小說作品。 接著筆者運用了男性中心“凝視”理論，即從全能視角出發(fā)將男性永遠設定為凝視的對象。長久以來，創(chuàng)作者在創(chuàng)作時都會約定俗成地將男性作為觀看的主體，那么相對地，在這些文藝作品中，被觀看的客體對象均無一例外地由女性來擔當，這就是拉康站在純粹的男性中心主義的立場上所提出的“凝視”理論。而隨著性別意識的覺醒和女權運動的蓬勃興起，男性作為客體的新“凝視”理論出現(xiàn)，這可謂是對拉康凝視觀的革命性挑戰(zhàn)，也是對文藝創(chuàng)作的一大啟迪。它意味著文藝作品中的凝視對象終于不再是女性的“專利”，男性同樣可以處于客體位置上接受觀看和凝視。由此筆者歸納出了克勞斯曼在主流異性戀文本的遮蔽下從事同性戀文本創(chuàng)作的具體手法。在凝視對象上，他完成了由女性至男性的性別轉換，且將男性同性戀群體作為該轉變所針對的目標人群。 同時，隨著社會的發(fā)展，酷兒理論興起了，它是20世紀90年代在西方興起的新的性理論�！翱醿骸敝傅氖窃谖幕兴蟹浅B(tài)的表達方式，是所有在性傾向方面與主流文化和占統(tǒng)治地位的社會性別規(guī)范或性規(guī)范不符的人�？醿豪碚撎岢龅囊恍╆P于性的觀點，顛覆了長期以來異性戀的性理論，沖擊了占主流思想的性觀點。于是同性戀者開始走上反對這種在權力的管制下，以異性戀為絕對主流的異性戀霸權之路。筆者在此，利用酷兒理論分析了克勞斯曼小說中同性戀人物對于世俗的不屈反抗，即消解了社會關于性別和身份的固定設置，進而解構了異性戀霸權。 克勞斯曼的同性戀文本抒發(fā)了幽微隱秘的同性情感，為解讀其小說提供了全新的視角和思路，同時也揭示出作品的深層意蘊和作者的真實創(chuàng)作意圖。
[Abstract]:Klaus Heinrich was one of the great German writers in the 20th century. His special social experience made his thought unique. He observed and dissected the society from a personal experience and a unique angle of view. In his creation, he has always shown a high humanitarian value in exploring the causes of the plight of homosexuals and thinking about the fate of homosexuality. His three novels about homosexuality, such as "Holy Dance", "Sorrowful Symphony" and "Volcano", have made an analysis of the situation and fate of homosexuals with high sociocultural value. The theme of his novel is rich and diverse, which can be interpreted from a variety of perspectives, but the study of his novel in China is not very rich. As an important part of Thomas Mann's works, the appearance of homosexuality complex is closely related to the author's own experience, on the other hand, it also plays an important role in the narrative of his works from the aesthetic perspective of the author. Therefore, this thesis first attempts to introduce Klausman's three famous homosexual novels by taking his homosexual sexual orientation as the starting point. Then the author uses the male-centered "gaze" theory, that is, from the all-around perspective, the man will always be the object of gaze. For a long time, creators have customarily regarded men as the subject of viewing in their creation. In contrast, in these literary and artistic works, the object objects to be watched are, without exception, taken on by women. This is Lacan's "gaze" theory from a purely masculine standpoint. With the awakening of gender consciousness and the vigorous rise of feminist movement, the new "gaze" theory of men as object appears, which can be described as a revolutionary challenge to Lacan's gazing view and a great enlightenment to literary and artistic creation. It means that the object of gazing in literary and artistic works is no longer a "patent" of women, and that men can also be viewed and stared at in the position of object. From this, the author sums up Clausman's concrete techniques of writing homosexual texts under the cover of mainstream heterosexual texts. On the subject of gaze, he completed the gender transition from female to male, and made gay men the target of the transition. At the same time, with the development of society, the theory of Cool emerged. It is a new sex theory which rose in the west in the 90's of the 20 ~ (th) century. "Cool" refers to all abnormal forms of expression in the culture, all those who are inconsistent with the mainstream culture and the dominant gender norms or sexual norms in terms of sexual orientation. Some views about sex put forward by Cool's theory subverted the heterosexual sex theory for a long time and impacted the sex viewpoint which dominated the mainstream thought. So gays and lesbians began to oppose the heterosexual hegemony under the control of power, taking heterosexuality as the absolute mainstream. In this paper, the author analyzes the indomitable resistance of homosexual characters in Krausmann's novels against the secular, that is, dispels the fixed setting of gender and identity in the society, and then deconstructs heterosexual hegemony. Klausman's homosexual text expresses the subtle same-sex emotion, which provides a new perspective and train of thought for the interpretation of his novel. At the same time, it also reveals the deep meaning of the work and the author's true intention of creation.
【學位授予單位】：華中科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I516.074

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相關期刊論文 前3條

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