【摘要】：言語(yǔ)交際是人類最普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象之一。誤解作為言語(yǔ)交際過(guò)程中不可避免的現(xiàn)象,越來(lái)越受到語(yǔ)言學(xué)家們的關(guān)注。但結(jié)合文學(xué)文本從關(guān)聯(lián)理論角度對(duì)誤解這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行研究的并不多見(jiàn)。作者正是以這個(gè)為切入點(diǎn),以?shī)W斯丁小說(shuō)《愛(ài)瑪》里主人公之間的誤解為研究語(yǔ)料,闡述誤解產(chǎn)生的各種原因,并基于主人公之間的誤解進(jìn)一步分析了主要人物的性格特征,為更好地理解和欣賞這部小說(shuō)提供了可能。 關(guān)聯(lián)理論是本文的支撐理論,它是認(rèn)知語(yǔ)用學(xué)的核心理論,擁有三個(gè)核心概念,即明示推理,最佳關(guān)聯(lián)和認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境。在斯波博(Sperber)和威爾森(Wilson)看來(lái),言語(yǔ)交際是一個(gè)明示——推理過(guò)程。又依據(jù)最佳關(guān)聯(lián)的假設(shè),明示刺激就是與說(shuō)話者的偏好和能力相適應(yīng)的最有相關(guān)的那句話。而關(guān)聯(lián)理論語(yǔ)境是與傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)境不同的概念。它是一種心理結(jié)構(gòu),是聽(tīng)話者關(guān)于世界的假設(shè)的子集,是動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展的。這些核心概念都為誤解現(xiàn)象的解釋提供了可能。 因?yàn)檠哉Z(yǔ)交際中存在誤解主體的個(gè)體差異,特別是“認(rèn)知語(yǔ)境”的差異和自然條件無(wú)法控制,作者沒(méi)有采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,而是采用理論闡釋和語(yǔ)料分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,即在對(duì)會(huì)話語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行定性分析后得出研究結(jié)果。其做法是先定義所要描寫的對(duì)象,接著用定性的方法從小說(shuō)中挑選出誤解性語(yǔ)料。 通過(guò)本研究,作者發(fā)現(xiàn),關(guān)聯(lián)理論原則非常適合用來(lái)解釋誤解現(xiàn)象,即使是小說(shuō)中主人公之間的誤解。根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)理論,交際是一個(gè)明示推理的心理過(guò)程。說(shuō)話者不恰當(dāng)?shù)拿魇九c聽(tīng)話者錯(cuò)誤的推理都會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤解。又因?yàn)槁?tīng)話者理解說(shuō)話者言語(yǔ)的過(guò)程是一個(gè)尋找最佳關(guān)聯(lián)的過(guò)程,當(dāng)聽(tīng)話者最終選擇的意思與說(shuō)話者意欲表達(dá)的意思不一致時(shí),也會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤解。此外,聽(tīng)話者對(duì)話語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境的不恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用也容易導(dǎo)致談話者之間的誤解。但由于言語(yǔ)交際的復(fù)雜性,人們之間的誤解,包括小說(shuō)人物間的誤解并不單純是由某種因素引起的,而是社會(huì)、語(yǔ)言、心理等各種因素共同起作用的結(jié)果。 本文運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)理論,分析了小說(shuō)《愛(ài)瑪》中的誤解性語(yǔ)料,探討了誤解產(chǎn)生的深層原因,在一定程度上拓展了關(guān)聯(lián)理論的應(yīng)用范圍。本研究也使讀者進(jìn)一步加深了對(duì)小說(shuō)《愛(ài)瑪》的了解與欣賞,對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活言語(yǔ)交際中誤解的規(guī)避也具有一定的啟示意義。
[Abstract]:Verbal communication is one of the most common social phenomena. As an inevitable phenomenon in the process of verbal communication, misunderstanding has been paid more and more attention by linguists. However, it is rare to study the phenomenon of misunderstanding from the angle of relevance theory combined with literary texts. Taking this as the starting point and taking the misunderstanding among the protagonists in Austen's novel Emma as the research corpus, the author expounds the causes of the misunderstanding, and further analyzes the character characteristics of the main characters based on the misunderstanding among the protagonists. It is possible to better understand and appreciate the novel. Relevance theory is the supporting theory of this paper. It is the core theory of cognitive pragmatics. It has three core concepts: ostensive-inferential, optimal relevance and cognitive context. According to Spob (Sperber) and Wilson (Wilson), verbal communication is an ostensive-inferential process. According to the hypothesis of optimal relevance, explicit stimulus is the most relevant sentence that adapts to the speaker's preference and ability. The context of relevance theory is different from the traditional context. It is a psychological structure, a subset of the hearer's assumptions about the world and a dynamic development. These core concepts provide the possibility for the interpretation of misunderstanding. Because there are individual differences in the subject of misunderstanding in verbal communication, especially the difference of "cognitive context" and the uncontrollable natural conditions, the author does not adopt the experimental method, but adopts the research method of combining theoretical interpretation with corpus analysis. That is, after qualitative analysis of conversational corpus, the research results are obtained. The method is to first define the object to be described, and then select the misleading corpus from the novel by qualitative method. Through this study, the author finds that the relevance theory principle is very suitable to explain misunderstanding, even among the protagonists in the novel. According to relevance theory, communication is an ostensive-inferential psychological process. The improper expression of the speaker and the wrong reasoning of the hearer can lead to misunderstanding. Because the process of hearer's understanding of the speaker's speech is a process of searching for the best relevance, there will be misunderstandings when the hearer's final choice of meaning is inconsistent with the intended meaning of the speaker. In addition, the improper use of utterance context also leads to misunderstanding among the speakers. However, due to the complexity of verbal communication, the misunderstanding between people, including the characters in novels, is not only caused by some factors, but also the result of social, linguistic, psychological and other factors. Based on the relevance theory, this paper analyzes the misunderstanding corpus in the novel Emma, probes into the underlying causes of the misunderstanding, and to some extent expands the scope of application of the relevance theory. This study also makes readers understand and appreciate the novel Emma further, and it has some enlightening significance for the avoidance of misunderstanding in real life speech communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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