【摘要】：語(yǔ)言的性別差異是社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究的重要組成部分，它在國(guó)內(nèi)外受到人們的關(guān)注。語(yǔ)用學(xué)作為語(yǔ)言學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，主要研究語(yǔ)言使用中的意義，即特定語(yǔ)境中語(yǔ)言意義是如何產(chǎn)生和被理解的以及在交際中如何選擇正確的語(yǔ)言形式和語(yǔ)言策略。近年來(lái)，隨著這兩門(mén)學(xué)科的研究范圍、對(duì)象和方法的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展，特別是語(yǔ)用學(xué)和社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)的結(jié)合，語(yǔ)言性別差異的語(yǔ)用分析也受到人們的關(guān)注。然而運(yùn)用語(yǔ)用學(xué)的理論對(duì)戲劇對(duì)話進(jìn)行性別差異的分析還是一個(gè)新的嘗試。 本文運(yùn)用語(yǔ)用學(xué)中格萊斯的合作原則，利奇的禮貌原則及布朗、萊文森的面子保護(hù)理論對(duì)莉蓮·海爾曼的劇本《小狐貍》中的會(huì)話進(jìn)行了性別差異的分析。作者基于上述理論的研究成果從戲劇中選出了十七段男女對(duì)話，采用的是定性的研究方法，主要分析男女人物在會(huì)話中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的在遵守，違反或使用上述原則方面的差異,并嘗試著對(duì)造成差異的原因進(jìn)行分析。 通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，戲劇《小狐貍》中的男性和女性在遵守或違反合作原則，禮貌原則和應(yīng)用面子保全理論方面確實(shí)存在不同。具體而言，女性在會(huì)話中往往能夠很好地遵守合作原則并且通過(guò)提供足夠的相關(guān)的信息促使會(huì)話順利進(jìn)行。盡管有時(shí)女性出于一些原因會(huì)違反合作原則中的方式和質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則，但當(dāng)她們?cè)谶`反這兩個(gè)原則時(shí)會(huì)使用一些比較禮貌的方式，例如模糊語(yǔ)，附加疑問(wèn)句,一些特殊的句子和詞匯等。而男性通常在會(huì)話中違反合作原則，他們說(shuō)的話過(guò)長(zhǎng)、過(guò)短或提供不相關(guān)的、錯(cuò)誤的信息，從而使會(huì)話不能順利進(jìn)行或中斷。在禮貌原則方面，女性?xún)A向于遵守禮貌原則，但有時(shí)也會(huì)違反其中的得體和大方準(zhǔn)則、一致和同情準(zhǔn)則，但她們會(huì)像違反合作原則中方式和質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則一樣采取一些禮貌的方式來(lái)表達(dá)所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。而男性則傾向以違反禮貌原則，他們?cè)跁?huì)話中會(huì)導(dǎo)致別人的損失，不同意別人的意見(jiàn)，不贊譽(yù)別人，不同情別人或者使用祈使句和命令句。在面子保全理論方面，女性在會(huì)話中通�？紤]別人的面子并且盡量不做威脅他人面子的行為，當(dāng)確實(shí)威脅了他人的面子時(shí)，她們會(huì)采用保全面子的措施(補(bǔ)救措施)，例如積極禮貌，消極禮貌或者是不公開(kāi)的面子威脅行為，以減小或補(bǔ)償給他人造成的面子威脅。但男性常常在性別會(huì)話中做出威脅他人面子的行為卻不給出任何的補(bǔ)救措施。 本文還從男性和女性不同的社會(huì)地位、角色和不同的心里特點(diǎn)就產(chǎn)生男女會(huì)話差異的原因進(jìn)行了分析。此外，結(jié)合劇作家的生活背景及戲劇《小狐貍》的具體時(shí)代背景，分析了造成劇中男女人物會(huì)話出現(xiàn)不同的原因。 通過(guò)上述分析，將語(yǔ)用學(xué)的理論應(yīng)用到戲劇作品的研究中，一方面拓寬了戲劇《小狐貍》的研究視角，，揭示一些其他文學(xué)分析未能很好涉及的戲劇因素，有利于加深對(duì)劇作家藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作技巧的認(rèn)識(shí)；另一方面，幫助人們更好地理解男女在會(huì)話過(guò)程中所使用的不同策略，加深我們對(duì)自己和自身性別的認(rèn)識(shí)，從而有利于促進(jìn)跨性別的交際和兩性之間的和諧對(duì)話。
[Abstract]:The gender difference of language is an important part of the study of sociolinguistics, and it is concerned at home and abroad. As a branch of linguistics, pragmatics is the main study of the significance of the use of language, that is, how the language meaning in a specific context is generated and understood, and how to choose the correct language form and language strategy in the communication. In recent years, with the research scope, object and method of these two subjects, the dynamic development of objects and methods, in particular the combination of pragmatics and sociolinguistics, is also concerned by the analysis of language gender differences. However, using the theory of pragmatics to analyze the gender difference in the drama dialogue is still a new attempt. This paper uses the principle of Gales' cooperation in pragmatics, the politeness principle of Liqi, and the face protection theory of Brown and Levenson. Based on the research results of the above-mentioned theories, the author selected 17 male and female dialogues from the drama, and adopted a qualitative research method, which mainly analyzes the differences in the observance, the violation or the use of the above-mentioned principles in the conversation of the men and women. and try to analyze the cause of the difference The study found that male and female in the play did not exist in respect of or in violation of the principle of co-operation, the principle of civility and the application of the theory of face preservation. In particular, women are often able to adhere well to the principle of cooperation in the session and to facilitate the smooth advancement of the session through the provision of sufficient information lines. Although sometimes women violate the way and quality guidelines in the principle of cooperation for some reason, when they violate these two principles, they use a number of more polite ways, such as fuzziness, additional questions, special sentences and words. A man usually violates the principle of co-operation in a session, saying the words are too long, too short, or provided with irrelevant, erroneous information, so that the session cannot go on smoothly or in the middle. On the principle of courtesy, women tend to follow the principles of courtesy, but sometimes violate the principles of propriety and generosity, consistency and compassion, but they will act in a polite way, as in the principles of cooperation and quality, to express what is said. A man tends to violate the principle of politeness, which in the conversation can lead to the loss of others, do not agree with others, do not praise others, do not sympathize with others, or use imperative sentences and orders In the aspect of the theory of face preservation, women usually consider the face of others and try not to threaten the face of others, and when they do threaten the face of others, they will take measures to preserve the face (remedial measures), such as positive gifts. A face-threatening act that is not public, to reduce or compensate for the face of others. But men often make a threat to others in a gender session and do not give any remedy In this paper, the reasons for the difference of the male and female's session are also discussed from the different social status, role and different psychological characteristics of the male and female. In addition, in combination with the background of the playwright's life and the specific background of the drama , this paper analyzes the differences in the conversation between the men and women in the play. The reason is that, through the above-mentioned analysis, the theory of pragmatics is applied to the study of the drama works, on the one hand, the research angle of the drama, the small fox, is widened, and it is revealed that some other literary analysis fails to be well involved in the drama factor, which is conducive to deepening the artistic creation skill of the dramatist. On the other hand, to help people better understand the different strategies used by men and women in the course of the session, to deepen our understanding of themselves and to their gender, thereby contributing to the promotion of cross-gender and gender-based and gender-based communication
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.073;H313

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