克隆人藝術(shù)家—石黑一雄小說《千萬別丟下我》的藝術(shù)隱喻
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-06 09:44
【摘要】：石黑一雄的第六部小說《千萬別丟下我》,作為其“國際視野”的作品之一描述了作為捐獻(xiàn)者的克隆人的悲劇一生。在對該小說進(jìn)行解讀批評中的,無論是國內(nèi)還是國外,將其作為科幻小說和對其進(jìn)行倫理批評,都是兩大流行趨勢,且其主要論點(diǎn)都集中在對克隆技術(shù)和道德人倫的沖突之上。本文避開這兩大流行趨勢,著眼于“藝術(shù)”這一元素在小說中的作用,探究小說主人公除開“克隆人”這一特別身份之外的另一重身份：藝術(shù)家,并挖掘在藝術(shù)家身份和藝術(shù)的作用之下,小說所想表達(dá)的隱喻性主題。小說的藝術(shù)元素和隱喻寓意,在國外許多批評中曾經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過,但都只是略略涉及,未曾加以深入研究,并且也未曾有批評將藝術(shù)和隱喻兩大元素結(jié)合,來對小說進(jìn)行解讀。在隱喻意義上解讀小說,則克隆人群體其實是人類的喻體,而主人公則是人類社會中的藝術(shù)家的喻體。作為藝術(shù)家,主人公是作為族群的代言人出現(xiàn),他們的藝術(shù)家身份使得他們有著別于其他成員的能力和使命。他們的藝術(shù)作品,作為集體無意識的反射物,反映了族群的意識形態(tài)。但是,他們的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作時時受到各種外界的壓迫和干擾。他們不僅在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上,而且在生活中,都掙扎在本真狀態(tài)和非本真狀態(tài)之間,這構(gòu)成了他們生活中無可避免的荒謬的根源。小說的三個主人公：凱茜、湯米和露絲,作為在藝術(shù)學(xué)校黑爾舍姆畢業(yè)的藝術(shù)學(xué)生代表,分別表現(xiàn)了三類藝術(shù)家的人生。其中露絲是沉淪于“被拋”狀態(tài)的非本真自我的代表；湯米則是相比而言最能保持本真自我的藝術(shù)家,更是因為在藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作上的保持本真自我而受到了歧視和壓迫；而凱茜則介于兩者之間,在精神世界中,她常常著異于非本真這一常狀態(tài)的想法,但在行動中卻又受到非本真狀態(tài)的控制,因而顯得個性軟弱。因而,以湯米為代表的真正的藝術(shù)家,成為整個族群對抗荒謬的先鋒；藝術(shù),就如加繆定義的一半成為他們革命的武器,而他們所為之奮斗的“延遲捐獻(xiàn)”的目標(biāo),則象征著人類永遠(yuǎn)的追求：自由。小說最后,雖然藝術(shù)家們未能實現(xiàn)“延遲捐獻(xiàn)”的夢想,但這并不表示人類對抗荒謬的失敗。相反的,整部小說可以看做是整個族群的一個特定歷史階段,在這個階段,族群成員的的先鋒人物開始意識到荒謬的存在,為了戰(zhàn)勝荒謬而做出努力；同時,也預(yù)示著整個族群的覺醒和最終徹底革命的到來。而藝術(shù)家,也代表著社會中為了擺脫荒謬境地,實現(xiàn)整個人類的進(jìn)步,而承受壓力,做出努力與犧牲的思想先鋒。
[Abstract]:Ishihiro's sixth novel Don't leave me, as one of his works in International Vision, describes the tragic life of a cloned human being as a donor. In the interpretation and criticism of the novel, whether at home or abroad, it is two popular trends to regard it as science fiction and to criticize it ethically, and its main arguments are all focused on the conflict between cloning technology and moral human relations. Avoiding these two popular trends and focusing on the role of the element of "art" in the novel, this paper explores another important identity of the protagonist in addition to the special identity of "human cloning": the artist. It also explores the metaphorical themes that the novel intends to express under the influence of artist identity and art. The artistic elements and metaphorical implication of the novel have appeared in many foreign criticism, but they are only slightly involved, and have not been studied in depth, nor have there been any criticism to interpret the novel by combining the artistic elements with the metaphorical elements. To interpret novels in metaphorical sense, human cloning is actually a vehicle of human beings, and the protagonist is a vehicle of artists in human society. As artists, protagonists appear as spokesmen of ethnic groups, and their identity as artists makes them different from other members of the ability and mission. Their works of art, as a reflection of the collective unconscious, reflect the ideology of the ethnic group. However, their artistic creation is always oppressed and interfered by various kinds of external factors. Not only in their artistic creation, but also in their life, they are struggling between the original state and the non-real state, which constitutes the inevitable source of absurdity in their life. The three protagonists of the novel, Cathy, Tommy and Ruth, represent the life of three types of artists as representatives of the art students who graduated from Hillsheim at the Art School. Ruth is the representative of the non-true self, which is sunk in the state of being thrown away; Tommy is the artist who can keep the true self most, and is discriminated against and oppressed for keeping true self in the artistic creation; In the spiritual world, Cathy is often different from the idea of the normal state of non-truth, but she is controlled by the non-real state in action, so she appears to be weak in personality. Thus, the true artist, represented by Tommy, became the vanguard of the whole race against absurdity; Art, like half of Camus's definition, became their revolutionary weapon, and their goal of "delayed donation" symbolized humanity's eternal quest for freedom. At the end of the novel, although artists fail to realize their dream of "delayed donation", this does not mean that humans are fighting absurd failures. On the contrary, the whole novel can be seen as a specific historical stage of the whole ethnic group, in which the pioneers of the members of the ethnic group begin to realize the existence of absurdity and make efforts to overcome the absurdity. At the same time, it also foreshadowed the awakening of the whole ethnic group and the arrival of the ultimate radical revolution. The artists also represent the vanguard of the thought of hard work and sacrifice in order to get rid of the absurd situation and realize the progress of the whole human being.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
本文編號：2365841
[Abstract]:Ishihiro's sixth novel Don't leave me, as one of his works in International Vision, describes the tragic life of a cloned human being as a donor. In the interpretation and criticism of the novel, whether at home or abroad, it is two popular trends to regard it as science fiction and to criticize it ethically, and its main arguments are all focused on the conflict between cloning technology and moral human relations. Avoiding these two popular trends and focusing on the role of the element of "art" in the novel, this paper explores another important identity of the protagonist in addition to the special identity of "human cloning": the artist. It also explores the metaphorical themes that the novel intends to express under the influence of artist identity and art. The artistic elements and metaphorical implication of the novel have appeared in many foreign criticism, but they are only slightly involved, and have not been studied in depth, nor have there been any criticism to interpret the novel by combining the artistic elements with the metaphorical elements. To interpret novels in metaphorical sense, human cloning is actually a vehicle of human beings, and the protagonist is a vehicle of artists in human society. As artists, protagonists appear as spokesmen of ethnic groups, and their identity as artists makes them different from other members of the ability and mission. Their works of art, as a reflection of the collective unconscious, reflect the ideology of the ethnic group. However, their artistic creation is always oppressed and interfered by various kinds of external factors. Not only in their artistic creation, but also in their life, they are struggling between the original state and the non-real state, which constitutes the inevitable source of absurdity in their life. The three protagonists of the novel, Cathy, Tommy and Ruth, represent the life of three types of artists as representatives of the art students who graduated from Hillsheim at the Art School. Ruth is the representative of the non-true self, which is sunk in the state of being thrown away; Tommy is the artist who can keep the true self most, and is discriminated against and oppressed for keeping true self in the artistic creation; In the spiritual world, Cathy is often different from the idea of the normal state of non-truth, but she is controlled by the non-real state in action, so she appears to be weak in personality. Thus, the true artist, represented by Tommy, became the vanguard of the whole race against absurdity; Art, like half of Camus's definition, became their revolutionary weapon, and their goal of "delayed donation" symbolized humanity's eternal quest for freedom. At the end of the novel, although artists fail to realize their dream of "delayed donation", this does not mean that humans are fighting absurd failures. On the contrary, the whole novel can be seen as a specific historical stage of the whole ethnic group, in which the pioneers of the members of the ethnic group begin to realize the existence of absurdity and make efforts to overcome the absurdity. At the same time, it also foreshadowed the awakening of the whole ethnic group and the arrival of the ultimate radical revolution. The artists also represent the vanguard of the thought of hard work and sacrifice in order to get rid of the absurd situation and realize the progress of the whole human being.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074
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