【摘要】：在當(dāng)代文學(xué)界出現(xiàn)了米哈伊爾巴赫金研究熱的現(xiàn)象，這位具有超高關(guān)注度和影響力的文藝批評家開創(chuàng)了文學(xué)批評的一個(gè)新視角，那就是他提出的復(fù)調(diào)小說理論。這一理論當(dāng)下在歐洲乃至世界有著巨大的影響力。巴赫金在分析陀思妥耶夫斯基小說時(shí)，將音樂術(shù)語“復(fù)調(diào)”移植運(yùn)用到對陀氏小說的評價(jià)中。他把小說分為獨(dú)白小說和復(fù)調(diào)小說兩種類型，認(rèn)為西方傳統(tǒng)小說基本上都是獨(dú)白小說，這類小說只有作者自己的聲音。而陀思妥耶夫斯基的復(fù)調(diào)小說則開啟了小說創(chuàng)作的一個(gè)新的階段，“復(fù)調(diào)小說”這種小說形式突破了單一文本的限制，匯集不同的聲音成為一個(gè)更富表現(xiàn)力的復(fù)合體，這樣不僅有利于作品思想的表達(dá)，多重聲音的交疊發(fā)聲也更能體現(xiàn)作品的思想深度。巴赫金提出的復(fù)調(diào)小說理論無論在小說的藝術(shù)思維方面，還是在小說表達(dá)方式方面都帶來了重大的革新。這一理論為我們理解文學(xué)作品提供了一個(gè)全新的思路，極大地豐富了當(dāng)代小說理論與文學(xué)批評方法 本文共分為三部分。首先第一部分對巴赫金的復(fù)調(diào)理論進(jìn)行基本的闡釋，，讓讀者對復(fù)調(diào)理論有個(gè)基本的了解，將復(fù)調(diào)小說與獨(dú)白小說進(jìn)行對比，梳理兩者之間的差異，從而分析巴赫金的復(fù)調(diào)理論對傳統(tǒng)小說理論體系的沖擊與突破，并對復(fù)調(diào)理論出現(xiàn)的的原因進(jìn)行追根溯源地研究。第二部分對復(fù)調(diào)小說理論進(jìn)行深入地探討與研究，復(fù)調(diào)小說理論的審美內(nèi)涵究竟是什么，復(fù)調(diào)小說理論建構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)是對話。而復(fù)調(diào)理論最獨(dú)特的也是最有爭議的觀點(diǎn)就是主人公的獨(dú)立意識，我們要對主人公的平等對話和獨(dú)立意識進(jìn)行分析。同樣值得關(guān)注的是小說的“未完成性”，這也是巴赫金另一個(gè)有價(jià)值的理論。第二部分分成三節(jié)進(jìn)行討論，每節(jié)的內(nèi)容都是復(fù)調(diào)理論的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。第三部分則是對巴赫金的復(fù)調(diào)理論進(jìn)行客觀的評價(jià)，同時(shí)論述了復(fù)調(diào)理論在中國的接受以及對中國當(dāng)代文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的影響。我們不僅要看到巴赫金復(fù)調(diào)理論的創(chuàng)新之處，還要分析探討理論的不足之處，以便于復(fù)調(diào)理論的發(fā)展與完善。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of Mikhail Bakhtin's hot research appeared in the contemporary literary circles. The literary critic with high attention and influence created a new angle of view of literary criticism, that is, his theory of polyphonic novels. This theory now has a great influence in Europe and the world. In analyzing Dostoevsky's novels, Bakhtin transplanted the musical term "polyphony" into the evaluation of Dostoevsky's novels. He divided the novels into monologue novels and polyphonic novels, and thought that the western traditional novels were basically monologue novels, which had only the author's own voice. Dostoevsky's polyphonic novel opens a new stage of novel creation. This novel form breaks through the limitation of a single text and gathers different voices to become a more expressive complex. This is not only beneficial to the expression of the thought of the work, but also reflects the depth of the work. Bakhtin's theory of polyphonic novels has brought great innovation in both artistic thinking and expression. This theory provides a new way of thinking for us to understand literary works and greatly enriches the theory of contemporary novels and literary criticism methods this paper is divided into three parts. The first part of the basic explanation of Bakhtin's polyphony theory, let the reader have a basic understanding of polyphony theory, compare polyphonic novel with monologue novel, comb the difference between the two. This paper analyzes the impact and breakthrough of Bakhtin's polyphony theory on the theoretical system of traditional novels, and studies the causes of the emergence of polyphony theory. The second part discusses and studies the theory of polyphonic novels deeply. What is the aesthetic connotation of the theory of polyphonic novels? the foundation of the construction of polyphonic novel theory is dialogue. The most unique and controversial view of polyphonic theory is the independent consciousness of the protagonist. We should analyze the equal dialogue and independent consciousness of the protagonist. Also noteworthy is the unfinished nature of the novel, another valuable theory of Bakhtin. The second part is divided into three sections, the content of each section is the key content of polyphony theory. The third part is the objective evaluation of Bakhtin's polyphony theory, and discusses the acceptance of polyphony theory in China and its influence on contemporary Chinese literary creation. We should not only see the innovation of Bakhtin's polyphonic theory, but also analyze the deficiency of the theory, so as to facilitate the development and perfection of the polyphony theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I512.06

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