以斯坦貝克《人鼠之間》為例論美國自然主義文學(xué)的內(nèi)涵
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 16:07
【摘要】：自然主義于19世紀(jì)下半葉在法國興起,接著作為一種文學(xué)流派傳播到世界各地,并且對其它國家的作家們產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。十九世紀(jì)末期自然主義傳播到美國,并曾獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。美國自然主義文學(xué)一方面深受法國自然主義的影響,另一方面又因其獨(dú)特的文化背景和環(huán)境而具有其自身的特點(diǎn)。本文選取約翰·斯坦貝克的著作《人鼠之間》為例來分析美國自然主義文學(xué)的內(nèi)涵。論文認(rèn)為二十世紀(jì)三十年代美國自然主義文學(xué)作品中雖然包含著人們對未來的一絲希望,但是這點(diǎn)希望依然被悲觀主義所籠罩和包圍。生活在社會底層的人,在當(dāng)時社會環(huán)境影響下,無論他們?nèi)绾闻?最終依然無法逃脫失敗和痛苦的命運(yùn)。全文共分五個部分。 第一章主要介紹該研究的起源、文獻(xiàn)綜述及文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二章主要解釋美國自然主義文學(xué)的內(nèi)涵。首先,文章通過簡要回顧美國自然主義文學(xué)產(chǎn)生的語境,指出美國自然主義獨(dú)特的歷史背景、文化環(huán)境和理論語境決定了美、法兩國自然主義文學(xué)表達(dá)上存在的差異。與此同時,文章分析美國自然主義文學(xué)雖然受美國精神和浪漫主義的影響,其悲觀成分有所削弱,但是仍然根深蒂固。 第三章主要分析斯坦貝克的自然主義思想內(nèi)涵。他的自然主義思想受美國自然主義文學(xué)的影響,這與他自己的生活經(jīng)歷和當(dāng)時的社會環(huán)境有關(guān)。斯坦貝克的自然主義作品中雖然包含著希望,但是其中所描述的底層人物卻往往不得不面對著悲劇的結(jié)局。 第四章是對《人鼠之間》中美國自然主義思想的解讀,分兩個部分。第一,在社會達(dá)爾文主義的影響下,斯坦貝克強(qiáng)調(diào)人的活力和自由意志,同時他認(rèn)為人類注定是悲慘的,是因?yàn)槿耸芙?jīng)濟(jì)決定論的影響,被欲望所奴役和支配。第二,斯坦貝克深受二十世紀(jì)三十年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的影響,他認(rèn)為人類受到強(qiáng)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)所限制,尤其是對于那些生活在社會底層的人,他們已為社會所拋棄,無論他們怎么奮斗,也逃脫不了失敗的命運(yùn)。 第五章總結(jié)全文,強(qiáng)調(diào)二十世紀(jì)三十年代斯坦貝克自然主義思想產(chǎn)生的語境以及思想本身,旨在使讀者通過《人鼠之間》這部作品來理解美國二十世紀(jì)三十年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時期美國自然主義文學(xué)的內(nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:Naturalism rose in France in the second half of the 19th century, then spread around the world as a literary school, and had a profound influence on writers in other countries. Naturalism spread to the United States in the late nineteenth century, and was the dominant. On the one hand, American naturalism is deeply influenced by French naturalism, on the other hand, it has its own characteristics because of its unique cultural background and environment. This paper takes John Steinbeck's book between Man and Rat as an example to analyze the connotation of American naturalistic literature. The paper holds that although there is a glimmer of hope for the future in the American naturalistic literature of the 1930s, this hope is still surrounded by pessimism. Under the influence of the social environment, no matter how hard they try, they can not escape the fate of failure and pain. The full text is divided into five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin of the study, literature review and the structure of the article. The second chapter mainly explains the connotation of American naturalistic literature. Firstly, by reviewing briefly the context in which American naturalism came into being, the paper points out that the unique historical background, cultural environment and theoretical context of American naturalism determine the differences between the two countries in the expression of naturalistic literature. At the same time, the article analyzes that American naturalistic literature is still deeply rooted although it is influenced by American spirit and romanticism. The third chapter mainly analyzes the connotation of Steinbeck's naturalism. His naturalistic thought is influenced by American naturalistic literature, which is related to his own life experience and the social environment at that time. Although there is hope in Steinbeck's naturalistic works, the underclass characters often have to face the tragic ending. The fourth chapter is the interpretation of American naturalism in "between Man and Mouse", which is divided into two parts. First, under the influence of social Darwinism, Steinbeck emphasizes the vitality and free will of human beings, and he thinks that human beings are doomed to be miserable because they are enslaved and dominated by desire under the influence of economic determinism. Second, Steinbeck, deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, believes that mankind is constrained by a strong economic structure, especially those who live at the bottom of society, who have been abandoned by society. No matter how hard they struggle, they can not escape the fate of failure. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole text, emphasizing the context of Steinbeck's naturalism thought and the thought itself in the 1930s. The purpose of this work is to make readers understand the connotation of American naturalistic literature during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.06
本文編號：2270956
[Abstract]:Naturalism rose in France in the second half of the 19th century, then spread around the world as a literary school, and had a profound influence on writers in other countries. Naturalism spread to the United States in the late nineteenth century, and was the dominant. On the one hand, American naturalism is deeply influenced by French naturalism, on the other hand, it has its own characteristics because of its unique cultural background and environment. This paper takes John Steinbeck's book between Man and Rat as an example to analyze the connotation of American naturalistic literature. The paper holds that although there is a glimmer of hope for the future in the American naturalistic literature of the 1930s, this hope is still surrounded by pessimism. Under the influence of the social environment, no matter how hard they try, they can not escape the fate of failure and pain. The full text is divided into five parts. The first chapter mainly introduces the origin of the study, literature review and the structure of the article. The second chapter mainly explains the connotation of American naturalistic literature. Firstly, by reviewing briefly the context in which American naturalism came into being, the paper points out that the unique historical background, cultural environment and theoretical context of American naturalism determine the differences between the two countries in the expression of naturalistic literature. At the same time, the article analyzes that American naturalistic literature is still deeply rooted although it is influenced by American spirit and romanticism. The third chapter mainly analyzes the connotation of Steinbeck's naturalism. His naturalistic thought is influenced by American naturalistic literature, which is related to his own life experience and the social environment at that time. Although there is hope in Steinbeck's naturalistic works, the underclass characters often have to face the tragic ending. The fourth chapter is the interpretation of American naturalism in "between Man and Mouse", which is divided into two parts. First, under the influence of social Darwinism, Steinbeck emphasizes the vitality and free will of human beings, and he thinks that human beings are doomed to be miserable because they are enslaved and dominated by desire under the influence of economic determinism. Second, Steinbeck, deeply affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, believes that mankind is constrained by a strong economic structure, especially those who live at the bottom of society, who have been abandoned by society. No matter how hard they struggle, they can not escape the fate of failure. The fifth chapter summarizes the whole text, emphasizing the context of Steinbeck's naturalism thought and the thought itself in the 1930s. The purpose of this work is to make readers understand the connotation of American naturalistic literature during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.06
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 田俊武,申美玲;目的論與非目的論——簡論斯坦貝克的哲學(xué)觀和創(chuàng)作[J];華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2005年03期
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