【摘要】：菲利普·羅斯是美國(guó)當(dāng)代最有名的猶太作家之一，被稱為是“文壇活神話”。菲利普·羅斯獲獎(jiǎng)數(shù)不勝數(shù),幾乎包攬了美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)所有文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),并曾經(jīng)多次獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的提名。他創(chuàng)作了的大量的文學(xué)作品,其中大部分反映了現(xiàn)代猶太人的生存狀況�！稇嵟钒l(fā)表于2008年,是羅斯關(guān)注美國(guó)猶太人生存狀況的最新力作之一。 《憤怒》一書(shū)中呈現(xiàn)出羅斯經(jīng)典作品的幾乎全部主題：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、死亡、家庭、愛(ài)情、性、教育、宗教、美國(guó)夢(mèng)、種族歧視等等。故事發(fā)生在二十世紀(jì)五十年代的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，講述人是小說(shuō)主人公馬科斯·梅斯納（Marcus Messner）已經(jīng)臨近死亡的他，借助于嗎啡的刺激回憶著往事。面對(duì)社會(huì)，家庭，和個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)中紛繁復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題，主人公的憤怒情緒顯露無(wú)疑，這些使他無(wú)法忍受現(xiàn)狀而選擇逃離，他選擇尋找新生活，新的生存空間。盡管他處處小心謹(jǐn)慎，卻還是接連不斷地犯下了當(dāng)時(shí)體制下所謂的錯(cuò)誤，沒(méi)有能夠擺脫被學(xué)校開(kāi)除，走上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的危機(jī)，漸漸接近生命的終點(diǎn)。整部小說(shuō)展現(xiàn)了一個(gè)普通美國(guó)人在朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的歷史背景下追求、憤怒、抗?fàn)�、消亡的一生�?法國(guó)著名哲學(xué)家讓·保羅·薩特的存在主義探討的是人類的生存狀況和困境，主要觀點(diǎn)有異化、自由選擇，人與人之間的關(guān)系等，因此，羅斯在小說(shuō)《憤怒》中體現(xiàn)的思想與之恰好是吻合的。羅斯和薩特揭示在荒誕無(wú)序的世界里生存的困境，導(dǎo)致生存的無(wú)意義，人生充滿絕望，同時(shí)也認(rèn)為生存的希望是存在的，是需要不斷探尋的。 這篇論文從存在主義視角解讀《憤怒》,主要運(yùn)用了異化、人與人關(guān)系、自由選擇等存在主義理論進(jìn)行分析，以主人公美國(guó)猶太人馬科斯為中心，首先分析了他在生活中與自身的矛盾，揭示猶太人古老傳統(tǒng)中的現(xiàn)實(shí)自我和內(nèi)心自我之間的存在困境和矛盾，表現(xiàn)美國(guó)猶太人的困惑，孤獨(dú)，焦慮；其次，分析了主人公與他人之間的矛盾，佐證了存在主義“他人即是地獄”沖突源于他人；最后，本論文闡述主人公與各種社會(huì)力量的對(duì)抗，真正的自我存在在于自由選擇、反抗，探尋美國(guó)猶太人在當(dāng)時(shí)生存的困境，揭開(kāi)他們尋求自由、追求真我的存在意義。 基于以上文本分析，本論文嘗試闡明羅斯對(duì)美國(guó)猶太人的存在主義的解讀，揭示當(dāng)代美國(guó)猶太人的生存困境。此外，本論文將個(gè)人境遇與社會(huì)歷史背景緊密結(jié)合以呈現(xiàn)羅斯的藝術(shù)技巧。尤其是在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)背景下，，羅斯更關(guān)注年輕人，譴責(zé)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的罪惡。最后，本論文承載著羅斯不僅對(duì)猶太人的境遇，更是對(duì)人類生存狀況的深切關(guān)注，體現(xiàn)他的猶太性的回歸和人文主義精神，并希望更多的讀者關(guān)注現(xiàn)代人的困境。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross is one of the most famous Jewish writers in contemporary America. Philip Ross has won almost every literary award in the United States, and has been nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature many times. He wrote a great deal of literature, most of which reflected the living conditions of modern Jews. Anger was published in 2008. It's one of Ross's latest efforts to focus on the survival of American Jews. Anger presents almost all of the themes of Ross's classic: war, death, family, love, sex, education, religion, the American dream. Racial discrimination, etc. The story takes place during the Korean War in the 1950s. The narrator is the hero of the novel, Marcos Messner (Marcus Messner), who is nearing death, recalling the past with the aid of morphine. In the face of the complex problems of society, family and personal growth, the anger of the protagonist is unquestionably revealed, which makes him unable to bear the status quo and choose to escape, he chooses to find a new life, a new living space. Despite his caution, he continued to make the so-called mistakes of the system at the time, unable to escape the crisis of being expelled from school and on the battlefield, and to the end of his life. The whole novel shows an ordinary American pursuing, angry, struggling and dying out in the historical background of the Korean War. The existentialism of the famous French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre discusses the living conditions and plight of human beings. The main ideas are alienation, free choice, the relationship between people, etc. Ross's thoughts in the novel anger coincide with them. Ross and Sartre reveal the dilemma of living in the absurd and disordered world, leading to the meaningless existence of life, life full of despair, but also believe that the hope of survival exists and needs to be constantly explored. This paper interprets anger from the perspective of existentialism, mainly using the existentialism theories such as alienation, relationship between people, free choice, and so on, with Marcos, the American Jew, as the center. First of all, it analyzes his contradiction with himself in life, reveals the dilemma and contradiction between the real self and inner self in the ancient Jewish tradition, and shows the confusion, loneliness and anxiety of American Jews. This paper analyzes the contradiction between the protagonist and others, and proves that the conflict of existentialism "other is hell" originates from others. Finally, this paper expounds that the real self-existence of the protagonist and various social forces lies in free choice and resistance. To explore the plight of American Jews living at that time, to uncover the meaning of their seeking for freedom and true self. Based on the above text analysis, this thesis attempts to elucidate Ross's interpretation of American Jewish existentialism and reveal the plight of contemporary American Jews. In addition, this thesis combines personal circumstances with social and historical background to present Ross's artistic skills. Especially in the context of the war, Ross paid more attention to young people and condemned the evil of war. Finally, this thesis bears Ross's deep concern not only for the situation of Jews, but also for the living conditions of human beings, which embodies his Jewish return and humanism spirit, and hopes that more readers will pay attention to the plight of modern people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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