【摘要】：《印度之行》是愛·摩·福斯特最具有代表性的作品。自其1924年發(fā)表之初,便受到了眾多的關(guān)注。不同角度的研究與評(píng)論無(wú)疑豐富了對(duì)小說(shuō)的解讀。《印度之行》這部小說(shuō),從一方面來(lái)講,探討了當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)代中所存在的復(fù)雜的政治和宗教問(wèn)題；從另一方面來(lái)說(shuō),它將主題重點(diǎn)放在追求不同文化的聯(lián)結(jié)和溝通上,而這一點(diǎn)也吸引了越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者對(duì)小說(shuō)的跨文化主題進(jìn)行探討和研究。顯然小說(shuō)中故事情節(jié)的發(fā)生與發(fā)展均是圍繞著探討時(shí)代背景下英印雙方能否實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的跨文化交流來(lái)展開的,而這也正是本篇論文的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。 與之前研究不同,本篇論文將從波亞托斯的文學(xué)人類學(xué)這一跨學(xué)科理論出發(fā),證明和揭示英印雙方存在的巨大文化差異以及這些文化差異對(duì)于雙方實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的跨文化交流所起到的阻礙性作用。在文學(xué)人類學(xué)中,波亞托斯認(rèn)為文化可進(jìn)一步劃分為感官層面系統(tǒng)和智性層面系統(tǒng),每一系統(tǒng)中又包含著眾多子系統(tǒng)。 感官層面系統(tǒng)主要包括肢體語(yǔ)言,交流距離,食物,建筑形式,居住環(huán)境等微觀因素。這些因素與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密。在《印度之行》這部小說(shuō)中,很多方面都可以歸屬于感官層面系統(tǒng)。英國(guó)人和印度人在生活中的各個(gè)方面有著完全不同的特征。他們對(duì)同一肢體語(yǔ)言往往會(huì)有不同的理解；在表達(dá)相同的意思時(shí),他們也會(huì)通過(guò)截然不同的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。除此之外,雙方的飲食習(xí)慣和所適應(yīng)的居住環(huán)境也有很大的差異性。通過(guò)對(duì)比研究雙方在感官層面系統(tǒng)中的特征,其之間存在的巨大文化差異得到了充分的印證,而恰恰是這樣的文化差異引起了雙方的誤解和偏見,最終阻礙了雙方的跨文化交流。 與感官層面系統(tǒng)相比較,智性層面系統(tǒng)關(guān)注更多的是宏觀方面的因素,它可以進(jìn)一步劃分為宗教,社會(huì),政治,藝術(shù)等。通過(guò)對(duì)小說(shuō)中英國(guó)與印度雙方在宗教信仰,婚姻觀念,藝術(shù)偏好以及人與動(dòng)物關(guān)系方面的對(duì)比研究,雙方在智性層面系統(tǒng)中所存在的差異及這些差異對(duì)其跨文化交流所產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響得到了證實(shí)。 通過(guò)對(duì)小說(shuō)中英印雙方在感官層面系統(tǒng)與智性層面系統(tǒng)中的對(duì)比分析,英國(guó)殖民者與印度被殖民者之間的文化差異等到了全面的證實(shí)。而兩者之間的文化差異對(duì)雙方跨文化交流的阻礙性作用也得到了印證。除此之外,殖民主義的時(shí)代背景更是加劇了這樣的阻礙作用。盡管小說(shuō)中的跨文化交流以失敗告終,但是從這樣的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)中,該篇論文總結(jié)出了對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)跨文化交流具有指導(dǎo)性的建議,即：雙方只有在相互尊重和平等的基礎(chǔ)上,深入地了解對(duì)方和本土的文化,并堅(jiān)持不懈地解決過(guò)程遇到的各種困難,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的跨文化交流。
[Abstract]:The Journey to India is the most representative work of Aimo Foster. Since its publication in 1924, it has received a lot of attention. Studies and comments from different angles undoubtedly enrich the interpretation of the novel. The novel, A Journey to India, explores, on one hand, the complex political and religious problems of the times; on the other hand, It focuses on the pursuit of cultural connection and communication, which has attracted more and more scholars to explore and study the cross-cultural theme of the novel. Obviously, the occurrence and development of the story plot in the novel revolves around whether Britain and India can realize the real cross-cultural communication under the background of the times, and this is the focus of this paper. Unlike previous studies, this paper will begin with Boatos's interdisciplinary theory of literary anthropology. To prove and reveal the great cultural differences between Britain and India and the obstructing effect of these cultural differences on the realization of real cross-cultural communication between the two sides. In literary anthropology Boatos holds that culture can be further divided into sensory and intellectual systems each of which contains many subsystems. Sensory level system mainly includes body language, communication distance, food, architectural form, living environment and other micro factors. These factors are closely related to daily life. In Journey to India, many aspects of the novel can be attributed to sensory systems. Britons and Indians have completely different characteristics in every aspect of their lives. They tend to have different interpretations of the same body language; when they express the same meaning, they do it in very different ways. In addition, the two sides of the eating habits and adapt to the living environment is also very different. Through a comparative study of the characteristics of both sides in the sensory system, the great cultural differences between them have been fully confirmed, and it is precisely such cultural differences that cause misunderstanding and prejudice on both sides. Finally, it hindered the cross-cultural communication between the two sides. Compared with the sensory system, the intellectual level pays more attention to the macro factors, which can be further divided into religious, social, political, artistic and so on. Through a comparative study of Britain and India on religious beliefs, marriage concepts, artistic preferences and human and animal relations in the novel, The differences between the two sides in the intellectual system and the negative effects of these differences on their cross-cultural communication have been confirmed. Through a comparative analysis of the sensory and intellectual systems in the novel, the cultural differences between the British colonists and the Indian colonists have been fully confirmed. And the cultural differences between the two sides of the cross-cultural communication between the obstruction role has also been confirmed. In addition, the background of colonialism has exacerbated such a hindrance. Although the cross-cultural communication in the novel ended in failure, from such experiences and lessons, the paper concludes some guiding suggestions for cross-cultural communication in today's society, that is, the two sides can only base on mutual respect and equality. Only by deeply understanding each other's and native culture, and unswervingly solving all kinds of difficulties encountered in the process, can real cross-cultural communication be realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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