【摘要】：《六月慶典》是拉爾夫·埃里森的最后一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)。該小說(shuō)從美國(guó)的二十世紀(jì)五十年代向前追溯至十九世紀(jì)六十年代，探索美國(guó)黑人百年來(lái)不懈追求平等、民主和自由的奮斗歷程。美國(guó)白人指責(zé)美國(guó)黑人沒(méi)有過(guò)去和傳統(tǒng)，，埃里森卻把美國(guó)黑人的歷史置于整個(gè)美國(guó)的歷史圖景，結(jié)合黑人傳統(tǒng)、黑人的民間傳說(shuō)和《圣經(jīng)》文化，證明美國(guó)黑人的歷史悠長(zhǎng)。美國(guó)黑人不僅保存奴隸時(shí)期的記憶和傳統(tǒng)，還以記憶的方式從非洲尋根。因此，《六月慶典》的編者約翰·卡拉漢將它比喻成一部編年體史詩(shī)。 本文擬用集體記憶的理論分析《六月慶典》中父子的集體記憶對(duì)父子雙方的影響，說(shuō)明在當(dāng)下保存記憶的必要性，對(duì)彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)代美國(guó)人記憶的缺失，化解由記憶不夠引發(fā)的身份認(rèn)同危機(jī)有一定的參考價(jià)值。該小說(shuō)的父子一方面指具體的父子，即黑人牧師�？寺退陌灼つw養(yǎng)子布里斯；另一方面也指象征意義上的父子，即希克曼、黑人社區(qū)代表的黑人父親和布里斯代表的白人孩子，以及黑人祖先和�？寺⒉祭锼构餐淼淖虞�。 本文探討小說(shuō)中父與子之間集體記憶的沖突、溝通和拓展三個(gè)方面。第一部分分析希克曼和布里斯的個(gè)人記憶，黑人社區(qū)的集體記憶和布里斯的個(gè)人記憶，以及�？寺淼暮谌思w記憶和布里斯代表的白人集體記憶之間的對(duì)立，說(shuō)明以布里斯為代表的子輩逃避責(zé)任和拒絕過(guò)去的身份是父子集體記憶產(chǎn)生沖突的直接原因，黑人文化和白人文化的對(duì)抗是深層原因。第二部分分析父子雙方在黑人社區(qū)內(nèi)養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，黑人英語(yǔ)的交流方式和儀式的幫助下進(jìn)行溝通、化解沖突的過(guò)程，說(shuō)明記憶的溝通和記憶的鞏固相互促進(jìn)。父子集體記憶的溝通使記憶從對(duì)抗的狀態(tài)走向常態(tài)化，這樣既保持記憶的一致性，也利于身份的穩(wěn)定性。第三部分分析父子之間集體記憶的范圍拓展及其內(nèi)涵的發(fā)展，說(shuō)明父子之間集體記憶的可塑性使過(guò)去煥發(fā)出新的生命力。父子的集體記憶活動(dòng)幫助個(gè)人獲得身份認(rèn)同和歸屬感。 本文通過(guò)探討�？寺筒祭锼沟募w記憶，認(rèn)為埃里森創(chuàng)作該小說(shuō)的目的在于保存和傳承黑人歷史和黑人文化。傳承黑人歷史和黑人文化對(duì)維持美國(guó)人的社會(huì)身份和文化身份有重要的影響。父子的集體記憶使雙方學(xué)會(huì)從對(duì)方的角度感知，審視和理解過(guò)去，在此過(guò)程中找到文化歸屬，獲得自我認(rèn)同和個(gè)人的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The Jubilee is Ralph Ellison's last novel. The novel traces from the 1950s to the 1860s and explores the struggle for equality, democracy and freedom of black Americans in the past hundred years. White Americans accuse black Americans of not having a past and tradition, but Ellison puts the history of black Americans in the historical picture of the whole United States, combining black traditions, black folklore and Bible culture, which proves the long history of black Americans. Black Americans not only preserve the memories and traditions of the slave period, but also trace their roots from Africa in the form of memory. So John Callahan, editor of Celebration of June, likened it to an chronicled epic. This paper intends to use the theory of collective memory to analyze the influence of the collective memory of father and son on both father and son in June celebration, to explain the necessity of preserving memory in the present time and to make up for the missing memory of modern Americans. It has certain reference value to resolve the identity crisis caused by insufficient memory. The father and son of the novel, on the one hand, refer to the specific father and son, the black priest Hickman, and his white-skinned son, Briss; on the other hand, they refer to the symbolic father and son, that is, Hickman. Black fathers represented by black communities and white children represented by Briss, as well as the children of black ancestors and Hickman, Briss. This paper discusses the conflict, communication and expansion of collective memory between father and son. The first part analyzes the antagonism between Hickman and Briss' personal memory, black community's collective memory and Briss' personal memory, as well as the black collective memory represented by Hickman and the white collective memory represented by Briss. It is shown that the direct cause of the conflict between the collective memory of father and son is the evasion of responsibility and rejection of the past by the children represented by Briss, and the confrontation between black culture and white culture is the deep reason. The second part analyzes the process of father and son's communication with the help of black English communication methods and rituals, and explains that the communication of memory and the consolidation of memory promote each other. The communication between father and son makes memory change from confrontation to normality, which not only keeps the consistency of memory, but also contributes to the stability of identity. The third part analyzes the extension of the range of collective memory between father and son and the development of its connotation, and explains that the plasticity of collective memory between father and son makes the past radiate new vitality. The collective memory activities of fathers and sons help individuals to gain a sense of identity and belonging. By discussing the collective memory of Hickman and Burris, this paper argues that the purpose of Ellison's novel is to preserve and inherit black history and culture. The inheritance of black history and black culture plays an important role in maintaining American social and cultural identity. The collective memory of father and son makes both sides learn to perceive, examine and understand the past from each other's point of view, in the process of finding cultural ownership, gaining self-identity and individual value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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