【摘要】：�？思{（1897-1962），是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的美國作家之一。他是一位多產(chǎn)的作家，他的大部分小說的背景都設(shè)在一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的約克納帕塔法郡（Yoknapatawpha County）中，而他的小說《標(biāo)塔》的背景卻是在新瓦魯瓦(NewValois)，一個(gè)稍微加以虛構(gòu)的新奧爾良，一個(gè)或多或少跟他有著淵源的城市。在這個(gè)城市中，傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和價(jià)值觀念已經(jīng)崩潰，通過對(duì)一個(gè)報(bào)社記者和一群飛機(jī)特技表演者的描敘，�？思{把二十世紀(jì)三十年代的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)描寫成一個(gè)失去人性，冷漠異化的社會(huì)�！稑�(biāo)塔》是對(duì)現(xiàn)代生活的控訴，對(duì)人越來越機(jī)械化，越來越失去人性的控訴。 與�？思{的約克納帕塔法郡系列小說相比,《標(biāo)塔》似乎沒有那么受人推崇,甚至被人忽視。評(píng)論界對(duì)該小說復(fù)雜的文風(fēng),喬伊斯式的復(fù)雜冗長的句式,人物性格刻畫的平淡和情節(jié)的缺乏都不乏微詞。實(shí)際上,所有的這些批評(píng)都是因?yàn)槿狈?duì)小說深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。�？思{之所以選擇這樣的語言和風(fēng)格，人物刻畫及情節(jié)，都是為了突出這樣一個(gè)主題：現(xiàn)代世界是一個(gè)異化的世界，，現(xiàn)代人在這樣一個(gè)異化的世界中，逐漸失去人性，而且越來越機(jī)械化，精神越來越空虛。�？思{對(duì)現(xiàn)代世界的關(guān)注正好從另外一個(gè)角度了表現(xiàn)了他的歷史感,而同時(shí)他的歷史感也構(gòu)建了他的現(xiàn)代性。實(shí)際上，這部小說對(duì)研究福克納對(duì)現(xiàn)代性的批判態(tài)度和他的歷史感有著舉足輕重的作用。那么福克納又是如何表現(xiàn)他對(duì)現(xiàn)代性的批判態(tài)度，該小說又是如何突出他的歷史感呢？ �？思{對(duì)現(xiàn)代性的批判突出表現(xiàn)在他對(duì)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)對(duì)人性異化的批判，現(xiàn)代性在給社會(huì)帶來繁榮和發(fā)展的同時(shí)，現(xiàn)代文化、現(xiàn)代科技、現(xiàn)代社會(huì)提倡的消費(fèi)方式也成為控制人，抑制人性發(fā)展的桎梏�，F(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，人的異化成為一種不可避免的生存狀態(tài)，精神空虛成為必然的趨勢。而現(xiàn)代社會(huì)人性異化掩蓋之下的則是歷史感虧缺的實(shí)質(zhì)。對(duì)于這群飛行員來說，他們與歷史割裂,與親人割裂,與家割裂,他們是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)無根的漂泊者。他們剝離了傳統(tǒng)的生活習(xí)俗、風(fēng)俗和傳統(tǒng)的道德價(jià)值觀，養(yǎng)育后代，維持家庭、婚姻，甚至對(duì)自己愛人的忠心都意味著難以承受的奢侈。然而，舒曼的犧牲，杰克被爺爺奶奶收養(yǎng)及拉溫妮重新構(gòu)建一個(gè)新的家庭，所有這些都標(biāo)志著傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀和傳統(tǒng)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的回歸與重建。對(duì)�？思{而言，盡管他對(duì)人類的未來充滿了迷茫，但他仍然堅(jiān)信傳統(tǒng)的價(jià)值觀和美德會(huì)讓人走出異化的困境，讓人性散發(fā)出燦爛的光芒。 如果飛機(jī)圍繞著標(biāo)塔高速旋轉(zhuǎn)而墜毀的意象象征著現(xiàn)代性神話的破碎,那么“父親”和“家”的意象則象征著�？思{心目中由過去構(gòu)建的神話世界,這個(gè)神話世界賦予生活以意義,構(gòu)建著社會(huì)的秩序,指引著人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展。除此之外,標(biāo)塔的塔尖直通云霄這一意象也象征著一種形而上的追求。人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，無論快或慢，始終圍繞著對(duì)幸福形而上的追求。如果說這部小說是關(guān)于�？思{對(duì)人類社會(huì)和人發(fā)展的思索的話,這也許是標(biāo)塔這一題目更深層面的意義。
[Abstract]:Faulkner (1897-1962), one of the greatest American writers of the twentieth century, was a prolific writer. Most of his novels were set in a fictional Yoknapatawpha County, while his novel The Tower was set in New Valois, a slightly fictional New Orleans. Liang, a city with more or less his roots. In this city, traditional social structures and values have collapsed. By describing a newspaper reporter and a group of aerobatics performers, Faulkner describes the modern society of the 1930s as a dehumanized, indifferent and alienated society. is Accusations against modern life are becoming more and more mechanized and more and more human accusations.
Compared with Faulkner's Yoknapatafa novels, the Beacon seems to be less respected and even neglected. Critics of the novel's complex style, Joyce's complex and lengthy sentences, the plain portrayal of characters and the lack of plot all have their own criticisms. Faulkner chose such language and style, portrayal and plot to highlight such a theme: the modern world is an alienated world, in such a alienated world, modern people gradually lose their humanity, and become more and more mechanized, the spirit of more and more empty. Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history play an important role in the study of Faulkner's critical attitude towards modernity and his sense of history. How does this novel highlight his sense of history?
Faulkner's criticism of modernity is manifested in his criticism of the alienation of human nature in modern society. While modernity brings prosperity and development to society, modern culture, modern science and technology, and the consumption mode advocated by modern society have also become the shackles to control and inhibit the development of human nature. For these pilots, they are rootless vagrants of modern society. They strip away the traditional customs, customs and traditions of life. Moral values, raising offspring, maintaining a family, marriage, and even loyalty to one's lover mean unbearable luxuries. However, Schumann's sacrifice, Jack's adoption by Grandpa and Grandpa and Ravenny's rebuilding of a new family all mark the return and reconstruction of traditional values and family structure. Although he is full of confusion about the future of mankind, he still firmly believes that traditional values and virtues will help people out of the predicament of alienation and let human nature shine brilliantly.
If the image of the plane spinning around the tower and crashing symbolizes the breakage of the myth of modernity, then the image of "father" and "home" symbolizes the mythical world Faulkner has built in his mind from the past, which gives meaning to life, constructs social order, and guides the development of human society. The development of human society, fast or slow, always revolves around the metaphysical pursuit of happiness. If this novel is about Faulkner's thinking about human society and human development, this may be the deeper meaning of the topic.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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2 易曉明;碎片化與整體性——《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》的歷史感之建構(gòu)[J];外國文學(xué)評(píng)論;2003年01期

本文編號(hào)：2195087

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