【摘要】：十九世紀(jì)后半葉在法國興起的自然主義是世界上最具影響力的文學(xué)流派之一。左拉作為自然主義的先驅(qū)和領(lǐng)航者更是承擔(dān)起了自然主義發(fā)展的全部使命。甚至有言論稱自然主義就是左拉,左拉即是自然主義。自然主義主張用科學(xué)的方法,客觀真實(shí)的態(tài)度描寫記錄事實(shí)。因此在小說中,左拉一貫是以一個(gè)觀察者,研究者抑或是外科醫(yī)生的身份去剖析人物的性格,內(nèi)在的機(jī)制。此外,他還注重把內(nèi)因和外因結(jié)合起來去詮釋最后導(dǎo)致這些人物命運(yùn)悲劇的緣由。內(nèi)因即內(nèi)在的生理機(jī)制,主要包括：本能,欲望,遺傳基因等,這體現(xiàn)了人的自然屬性。外因即當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)大背景,主要強(qiáng)調(diào)人的社會(huì)屬性對(duì)于人物命運(yùn)的影響。小說對(duì)于環(huán)境的描寫是左拉作品中占據(jù)著非�？捎^的地位和作用,作者不僅花費(fèi)大量的篇幅展示人物具體的生活環(huán)境,而且在字里行間不忘訴說社會(huì)環(huán)境和文化氛圍對(duì)人物命運(yùn)的毒害。 正是從這一點(diǎn)出發(fā),筆者旨在通過本文的三個(gè)章節(jié)來解讀左拉式的人物解剖法。第一章節(jié)首先從人物所處的社會(huì)大背景入手,意在揭露人的社會(huì)屬性,人和社會(huì)的關(guān)系,包括具體的生活環(huán)境,外在社會(huì)環(huán)境,深層文化環(huán)境。其次文章將目光移到人的自然屬性上面,著重強(qiáng)調(diào)人的本能和遺傳因素對(duì)人心理,生理及命運(yùn)的作用,其中分別對(duì)《黛萊絲拉甘》,《萌芽》及《小酒店》中的主人公進(jìn)行各色實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文的第三章節(jié)將致力于從時(shí)代背景和理論來源分析促成左拉式人物實(shí)驗(yàn)理論的因素,最后在結(jié)語中,我們將著重論述左拉對(duì)于人物視角獨(dú)特的研究方法的進(jìn)步性以及局限性,以及他的這種人物研究方法對(duì)現(xiàn)代作家的影響。
[Abstract]:Naturalism, which rose in France in the second half of the nineteenth century, is one of the most influential literary schools in the world. Zola, as a pioneer and pilot of naturalism, took on the whole mission of naturalism development. There is even talk that naturalism is Zola, Zola is naturalism. Naturalism advocates the use of scientific methods, objective and realistic attitude to record facts. Therefore, in the novel, Zola is always as an observer, researcher or surgeon to analyze the character, internal mechanism. In addition, he also focused on the combination of internal and external causes to explain the final cause of these characters' tragic fate. Internal causes are internal physiological mechanisms, including instinct, desire, genetic genes and so on, which embodies the nature of human nature. The external cause is the social background at that time, which mainly emphasizes the influence of the social attribute of man on the fate of the characters. The description of the environment in the novel occupies a considerable position and function in Zola's works. The author not only spends a lot of time on showing the specific living environment of the characters, And in the lines do not forget to tell the social environment and cultural atmosphere on the fate of the characters. It is from this point that the author aims to interpret Zola's anatomic method through three chapters of this paper. The first chapter begins with the social background of the characters, which is intended to reveal the social attributes of people, the relationship between people and society, including the specific living environment, the external social environment, and the deep cultural environment. Secondly, the article focuses on the nature of human nature, emphasizing the role of human instinct and genetic factors in human psychology, physiology and fate. Among them, the protagonists in Delaslagan, germination and Hotels were tested in various colors. The third chapter of this paper will focus on the analysis of the factors contributing to Zola's experimental theory of characters from the background of the times and theoretical sources. Finally, in the conclusion, we will focus on the progressive nature and limitations of Zola's unique research methods for the perspective of the characters. And the influence of his research methods on modern writers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I565.074

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