遇見(jiàn)他者-J.M.庫(kù)切《等待野蠻人》的列維納斯式解讀
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-24 13:57
【摘要】：南非知名作家J.M.庫(kù)切可謂當(dāng)代文壇泰斗級(jí)人物,為世界文學(xué)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),囊括了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、布克獎(jiǎng)等多項(xiàng)重要文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。幾乎每部他的小說(shuō)都多多少少有一絲寓言的意味,而《等待野蠻人》因其時(shí)空背景的不確定與主人公的無(wú)姓無(wú)名被公認(rèn)為是庫(kù)切寓言色彩最濃重的一部作品。一些批評(píng)家對(duì)庫(kù)切在這部小說(shuō)中采用寓言體頗有微詞,認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該積極回應(yīng)南非的政治現(xiàn)實(shí)而非消極回避。對(duì)《等待野蠻人》的批評(píng)研究大多是從后殖民后現(xiàn)代的角度出發(fā),關(guān)注其與南非政治的關(guān)系。而本文則嘗試借助法國(guó)哲學(xué)家埃馬紐爾·列維納斯的他者的倫理學(xué)來(lái)解讀《等待野蠻人》中自我與他者的倫理關(guān)系,以此來(lái)為庫(kù)切辯護(hù)。 出于對(duì)土著人偏執(zhí)的優(yōu)越感和莫名的恐懼感,小說(shuō)當(dāng)中的帝國(guó)以極其殘忍暴力的手段壓制他們以保持和鞏固自己的政權(quán)。其自律走向極端,發(fā)展成為極權(quán)主義,給他者帶去了巨大的折磨。與此同時(shí),故事主人公經(jīng)歷了一番漫長(zhǎng)而痛苦的倫理覺(jué)醒過(guò)程——他發(fā)現(xiàn)了土著人不可還原的他者性和帝國(guó)野蠻的本質(zhì)；他意識(shí)到對(duì)他者的無(wú)限倫理責(zé)任進(jìn)而決心承擔(dān)起這份責(zé)任。主人公逃脫了帝國(guó)的自律,他走出自我、擁抱他者之后開(kāi)始遵循他者的他律。他勇敢地幫助土著人與帝國(guó)抗?fàn)?盡管這樣做的代價(jià)是他失去了往日的舒適與歡樂(lè),身陷危險(xiǎn),獲得了艱難的自由。 庫(kù)切在《等待野蠻人》中采用寓言體不是為了逃避歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí),而是為了巧妙地回應(yīng)南非乃至全世界的現(xiàn)實(shí)。通過(guò)對(duì)這部小說(shuō)的列維納斯式解讀,本文試圖揭示庫(kù)切向讀者傳達(dá)的倫理啟示：在自我與他者的相遇中,只有自我無(wú)條件地尊重他者并承擔(dān)起對(duì)他者的倫理責(zé)任,世界的正義與和平才有可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。懷著顆敏感同情之心,庫(kù)切對(duì)一些人給另一些人造成的苦難作出了深刻的反思,他含蓄而又殷切地為全人類(lèi)指出了一條倫理救贖之路——用尊重與責(zé)任來(lái)治愈這個(gè)充滿(mǎn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、千瘡百孔的世界。
[Abstract]:J. M., a famous writer in South Africa. Kuche is a great figure in the contemporary literary world, who has made great contributions to the world literature, including the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Booker Prize and many other important literary awards. Almost every one of his novels has a fable, and the waiting Barbarian is regarded as one of the most fable works because of the uncertainty of the background of time and space and the unknown name of the protagonist. Some critics are critical of Kuchet's use of fables in the novel, arguing that he should respond positively to the political reality of South Africa rather than avoid it passively. Most of the critical studies on the waiting Barbarians focus on their relationship with the politics of South Africa from the postcolonial postmodern point of view. This paper attempts to interpret the ethical relationship between self and other in waiting Barbarian by virtue of the other ethics of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas in order to defend Kuche. Out of their paranoia and inexplicable fear, the empire in the novel oppressed them with brutal violence to maintain and consolidate their power. His self-discipline went to the extreme and developed into totalitarianism, which brought great torment to others. At the same time, the protagonist of the story goes through a long and painful process of ethical awakening-he discovers the irreducible nature of the other and the savage nature of the empire; Aware of his boundless ethical responsibility to the other, he resolved to take it. The protagonist escapes the self-discipline of the Empire, he walks out of himself, embraces the other and begins to follow the other's heteronomy. He bravely helped the Aborigines to fight the Empire, though at the cost of losing the comfort and joy of the past, of being in danger and gaining difficult freedom. Quich used fables in waiting for the Barbarians not to escape history and reality, but to skillfully respond to the realities of South Africa and the world. Based on the Levinas interpretation of the novel, this paper attempts to reveal the ethical revelation that Kuchet conveys to the readers: in the encounter between the self and the other, only the self unconditionally respects the other and assumes the ethical responsibility to the other. Only justice and peace in the world can become a reality. With a sensitive heart of sympathy, Kuche gave a profound reflection on the suffering caused by some to others, and implicitly and passionately pointed out a path to ethical redemption for all mankind-to heal this war with respect and responsibility, A world full of holes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I478.074
本文編號(hào)：2141593
[Abstract]:J. M., a famous writer in South Africa. Kuche is a great figure in the contemporary literary world, who has made great contributions to the world literature, including the Nobel Prize for Literature, the Booker Prize and many other important literary awards. Almost every one of his novels has a fable, and the waiting Barbarian is regarded as one of the most fable works because of the uncertainty of the background of time and space and the unknown name of the protagonist. Some critics are critical of Kuchet's use of fables in the novel, arguing that he should respond positively to the political reality of South Africa rather than avoid it passively. Most of the critical studies on the waiting Barbarians focus on their relationship with the politics of South Africa from the postcolonial postmodern point of view. This paper attempts to interpret the ethical relationship between self and other in waiting Barbarian by virtue of the other ethics of the French philosopher Emmanuel Levinas in order to defend Kuche. Out of their paranoia and inexplicable fear, the empire in the novel oppressed them with brutal violence to maintain and consolidate their power. His self-discipline went to the extreme and developed into totalitarianism, which brought great torment to others. At the same time, the protagonist of the story goes through a long and painful process of ethical awakening-he discovers the irreducible nature of the other and the savage nature of the empire; Aware of his boundless ethical responsibility to the other, he resolved to take it. The protagonist escapes the self-discipline of the Empire, he walks out of himself, embraces the other and begins to follow the other's heteronomy. He bravely helped the Aborigines to fight the Empire, though at the cost of losing the comfort and joy of the past, of being in danger and gaining difficult freedom. Quich used fables in waiting for the Barbarians not to escape history and reality, but to skillfully respond to the realities of South Africa and the world. Based on the Levinas interpretation of the novel, this paper attempts to reveal the ethical revelation that Kuchet conveys to the readers: in the encounter between the self and the other, only the self unconditionally respects the other and assumes the ethical responsibility to the other. Only justice and peace in the world can become a reality. With a sensitive heart of sympathy, Kuche gave a profound reflection on the suffering caused by some to others, and implicitly and passionately pointed out a path to ethical redemption for all mankind-to heal this war with respect and responsibility, A world full of holes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I478.074
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 薛武;;徘徊在自我和他者中間——庫(kù)切《等待野蠻人》中的道德關(guān)懷[J];溫州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年03期
，本文編號(hào)：2141593
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