【摘要】：夏爾·波德萊爾是法國十九世紀最著名的現(xiàn)代派詩人，象征派詩歌先驅。他的代表作詩集《惡之花》發(fā)表與1857年，這部驚世駭俗之作一問世，便掀起了軒然大波。甚至以“有礙道德風化”等罪名受到法庭的處罰。 在這部詩集中，波德萊爾描寫了窮苦人、老人、妓女、吸血鬼、死尸等這些毫無詩意，甚至是庸俗、病態(tài)的主題。這些詭異而丑陋的形象是從未出現(xiàn)在與他同代的其他詩人的詩歌當中的。然而波德萊爾之所以執(zhí)著于描寫這赤裸裸的丑惡，是要從中挖掘出特殊的美。因此，有非常多的專家和學者從事研究波德萊爾詩歌中的意象，如：死亡、女人、太陽、貓、骷髏等等。通過研究我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，《惡之花》中的這些意象并不是獨立存在的，在女人、死亡和城市意象之間，存在這一種統(tǒng)一和契合，它們是相輔相成的。因此，本文將通過四個章節(jié)來分析《惡之花》中女人、死亡和城市意象的契合。 第一章節(jié)中，筆者主要分析的是《惡之花》之中的女人意象，在這部作品中，波德萊爾對女人意象的描寫是十分矛盾的，他愛慕女性的美妙、又鄙視和斥責女人的放蕩卑賤，同時他又表現(xiàn)出對異域女人的神秘風情的向往和迷戀。 第二章中，將通過對詩人走過的充滿矛盾，交織著失望和希望，悲觀而又不氣餒的人生之路，對詩歌中的死亡意象進行分析。詩人對死亡的推崇和歌頌，也是他對熱烈生活的渴望。他把死亡當做是生命的解放，以死亡作武器來諷刺當時社會的丑惡不堪。 第三章中，將通過講述波德萊爾生活的時代，以及他童年的生活對他人生的影響，來分析詩歌中的城市意象。他憎惡資本主義的燈紅酒綠、笙歌燕舞，而底層人民卻飽受摧殘、生活艱辛。他諷刺城市毫無人情味的改建，描寫橫陳街頭的腐尸。然而，巴黎對于波德萊爾來說是一種復雜的存在，是他的故鄉(xiāng)、是他所有童年的回憶，更是令他迷戀、令他可以盡情享受歡愉的天堂。 第四章中，通過前三個章節(jié)對女人、死亡、城市意象的分析，來總結這三個意象在這部詩集中的契合。這一章中，將通過兩個方面來闡述。第一方面是波德萊爾在描寫這三個意象時，所用語言的契合。在一首詩當中，詩人往往用女人和死亡的意象來表現(xiàn)城市意象，把三個意象合為一體，相輔相成。第二方面是波德萊爾對這三個意象的感情的契合。通過前面的分析我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，波德萊爾對這三個意象呈現(xiàn)出的是又愛又恨、既歌頌又鄙棄的矛盾情感。正如詩集的題目一樣，他要從惡中發(fā)掘美，發(fā)掘出一朵在丑惡中盛開的奇異之花。 法國作家雨果曾熱情的稱贊這部詩集是“灼熱閃耀，猶如眾星”�！稅褐ā芬云洫毺氐囊暯呛蛯彸竺缹W，，為法國十九世紀的詩歌增加了一抹亮色。在這部詩集中，充滿的是詩人對勞苦大眾、底層人民的憐憫和同情，對資本主義的抨擊，懷才不遇的感慨和對理想生活的渴望和向往。筆者希望通過對《惡之花》中這三個意象的契合的分析，來闡述這部詩集作為一個整體的渾然天成和精巧構思，使我們能更好地了解這部作品。
[Abstract]:Charles Baudelaire, the most famous modernist poet in France in nineteenth Century, was the pioneer of the symbolist poetry. His representative book, the anthology of the evil flower, was published and 1857. This astonishing work came out and started a great wave. Even the crimes such as "hindrance to moral Weathering" were punished by the court.
In this poem, Baudelaire describes the poor, the old, the prostitute, the vampire, the dead body, and so on, and even the vulgar, morbid theme. These strange and ugly images are never in the poems of other poets of his own generation. But Baudelaire is persistent in describing the naked ugly. There are a lot of experts and scholars engaged in the study of images in Baudelaire's poetry, such as death, women, the sun, the cat, the skeleton and so on. Through the study, we can find that the images in the flower of evil are not independent, and there is this unity between women, death and city images. They are complementary to each other. Therefore, this article will analyze the conjunction of women in the flower of evil, death and city image in four chapters.
In the first chapter, the author mainly analyzes the image of the woman in the flower of evil. In this work, Baudelaire's description of women is very contradictory. He admired the beauty of women and despises and reprimand women's dissolute humbleness. At the same time, he also displays the yearning and infatuation of the mysterious customs of a foreign woman.
In the second chapter, we will analyze the image of death in poetry through the contradictions, disappointments and hopes, pessimistic and disheartened ways of life. The poet's admiration for and praise of death is his desire for a warm life. He regards death as the liberation of life and his death as a weapon to satirize the society at that time. The ugliness is unbearable.
In the third chapter, through the narration of the times of Baudelaire's life and the influence of his childhood on his life, he will analyze the image of the city in the poetry. He abhors the ravage of capitalism and the dance of the swallow, while the bottom people are torn and hardships. He satirize the city's unmanned reconstruction and depict the rotten corpses of the streets. However, Paris is a complex existence for Baudelaire, his hometown, the memory of all his childhood, and the love of him, so that he can enjoy a happy paradise.
In the fourth chapter, through the first three chapters of the analysis of women, death, and the image of the city, this chapter sums up the combination of the three images in this poem. In this chapter, it will be expounded in two aspects. The first is the combination of the language when Baudelaire describes the three images. In a poem, the poet often uses women and death in the poem. The image shows the city image, combining the three images together and complementing each other. The second aspect is Baudelaire's attachment to the feelings of the three images. Through the previous analysis, we will find that Baudelaire presents both the love and hate, the ode to the disdain and the disdain of the three images. Discover beauty in evil, and discover a strange flower blooming in ugliness.
The French writer, Hugo, once enthusiastically praised the poem as "burning and shining, like a star". "The flower of evil" added to the nineteenth Century poetry of France with its unique perspective and the aesthetic of ugliness. The poem is full of poets' pity and sympathy for the masses, the people of the bottom, and the attack on capitalism. I hope that through the analysis of the three images of the "evil flower", the author hopes to make a better understanding of this work through the analysis of the combination of the three images of the "evil flower".
【學位授予單位】：四川外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I565.072

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