【摘要】：菲茨杰拉德試圖通過《了不起的蓋茨比》描摹更為廣泛和深刻意義上的美國夢。這部以夢幻破滅、人生頹敗為主題的小說,是美國“迷惘一代”作家的一部帶有自我體驗(yàn)性質(zhì)的文學(xué)作品,是“一戰(zhàn)’’后美國精神生活的真實(shí)寫照。約瑟夫·奧尼爾的力作《地之國》也傳達(dá)了對(duì)其兩難困境和普世價(jià)值的思索。在動(dòng)蕩和困窘中,無時(shí)無刻不為生計(jì)所苦的移民生活沒有使美國夢的精神萎縮,反而過濾得更加細(xì)致和純粹。美國夢,在多元文化融合的紐約,為人們帶來的是希望也是失望,是自我塑造的無限可能,也是迷失與幻滅的無底深淵。財(cái)富,愛情,榮譽(yù)在“夢想”的大框架中一一展現(xiàn),兩部小說中并置的文學(xué)元素徹底顛覆了小說本質(zhì)的含義,而后繼作家對(duì)傳統(tǒng)寫作范式的傳承也讓故事呈現(xiàn)出一種雜而不亂的和諧布局,讓讀者從中體會(huì)并形成自已的認(rèn)識(shí)。國內(nèi)外評(píng)論者們對(duì)于兩部小說的意義發(fā)掘多著重于文學(xué)理論框架下的解讀,卻鮮有對(duì)于小說寫作范式及文化意義傳承的研究。因此,在克里斯蒂娃的互文理論昭示之下,本文重在從歷史文化語境的角度,分析文學(xué)語言對(duì)于意識(shí)形態(tài)的傳承以及顛覆,并從互文性視角入手,從傳承,并置與顛覆三個(gè)方面來具體闡釋兩部小說中美國夢的緣起,發(fā)展和幻滅,并由此凸顯其顛覆意義。 互文性強(qiáng)調(diào)文本結(jié)構(gòu)的非確定性,強(qiáng)調(diào)任何文本都沒有固定的界限,強(qiáng)調(diào)任何文本都不可能脫離其他文本而存在---每個(gè)文本的意義產(chǎn)生于它跟其他文本的相互作用之中。從文本之網(wǎng)中抽出的語義成分總是超越此文本而指向其他先前文本,這些文本把現(xiàn)在的話語置入與它自身不可分割的意識(shí)形態(tài)的爭奪中,從而勾連起更大的社會(huì)文本。從人物塑造與作者生平的微妙關(guān)聯(lián),到象征意象對(duì)故事情節(jié)的推波助瀾,從兩部作品時(shí)空變換的敘事格局到兩位作家殊途同歸的敏銳感知,從秉承傳統(tǒng)的敘事風(fēng)格,到追尋意義的不斷顛覆與重構(gòu),在能指的喧囂與意義的開合未定中,小說家們不斷將意義所指引申、交疊,透析出深刻的思想內(nèi)涵與人文關(guān)照。在克里斯蒂娃的理論指引下,并置將兩個(gè)或更多的文學(xué)元素放在一起,對(duì)讀者產(chǎn)生特殊的影響,它將兩個(gè)看似不一致的成分呈現(xiàn)在主題中,相互作用,相互平衡。與此同時(shí),在多重語境鋪設(shè)之下所凸顯的顛覆意義也印證了小說本身以及它與先前文本的互文勾連。
[Abstract]:Fitzgerald attempts to portray the American dream in a broader and deeper sense through the Great Gatsby. This novel, with the theme of dream disillusionment and life decay, is a self-experiential literary work of American "lost Generation" writers, and a true portrayal of American spiritual life after "World War I". Joseph O'Neill 's masterpiece, the Land of Earth, also conveys a reflection on his dilemma and universal values. In the midst of turmoil and embarrassment, the life of immigrants all the time, suffering from their livelihood, did not shrink the spirit of the American dream, but filtered more carefully and purely. The American dream, in the multicultural New York, brings us hope and disappointment, the infinite possibility of self-shaping, and the abyss of lost and disillusionment. Wealth, love and honor are shown in the great framework of "Dream". The literary elements in the two novels completely subvert the meaning of the essence of the novel. The inheritance of the traditional writing paradigm by the subsequent writers also makes the story present a mixed and uncluttered harmonious layout from which readers can understand and form their own understanding. Critics at home and abroad focus on the interpretation of the meaning of the two novels under the framework of literary theory, but there is little research on the paradigm of novel writing and the inheritance of cultural significance. Therefore, under the guidance of Christina's intertextuality theory, this paper focuses on analyzing the ideological inheritance and subversion of literary language from the perspective of historical and cultural context, and starting from the perspective of intertextuality, from the perspective of inheritance. This paper expounds the origin, development and disillusionment of the American dream in the two novels from the three aspects of juxtaposition and subversion, and thus highlights its subversive significance. Intertextuality emphasizes the non-determinacy of text structure, emphasizes that no text has a fixed boundary, and emphasizes that no text can exist without other texts-the meaning of each text arises from its interaction with other texts. The semantic elements extracted from the web of texts always transcend the text and point to other previous texts, which put the present discourse into the struggle for its own inseparable ideology, thus connecting the larger social texts. From the subtle connection between the character shaping and the author's life, to the symbolic image's contribution to the story plot, from the narrative pattern of the two works' space-time transformation to the keen perception of the two writers' different ways, and from inheriting the traditional narrative style, In pursuit of the unceasing subversion and reconstruction of meaning, in the midst of the noise of signifier and the opening and closing of meaning, novelists constantly extend and overlap the meaning of meaning, and analyze the profound ideological connotation and humanistic concern. Under the guidance of Kristeva's theory, two or more literary elements are placed together, which has a special influence on the reader. It presents two seemingly inconsistent elements in the theme, interacts and balances each other. At the same time, the subversive significance laid in the multi-context also confirms the novel itself and its intertextuality with previous texts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I106.4

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