本文選題：衰老 + 死亡　； 參考：《中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：菲利普·羅斯(1933-)是一位杰出的當(dāng)代美籍猶太作家，他的小說(shuō)通常描寫當(dāng)代美籍猶太人的生活。《凡人》主要探討個(gè)體的存在與死亡主題，這一主題與存在主義的主題有相似之處�！斗踩恕穱@主人公凡人的生存狀況和他的生存困境展開，講述了其衰老、疾病與死亡的人生經(jīng)歷。 本論文運(yùn)用薩特的存在主義觀點(diǎn)和海德格爾的死亡觀來(lái)探討主人公凡人的生存困境。通過對(duì)《凡人》進(jìn)行文本分析，本論文旨在研究凡人的身體困境、精神困境以及其為克服困境所做的自由選擇。薩特的存在主義探討人的生存狀況和生存困境，其要點(diǎn)是恐懼、焦慮、孤獨(dú)、異化、虛無(wú)與自由選擇等。另外，，海德格爾的死亡觀是向死而在，他提倡人們勇敢地面對(duì)死亡。羅斯在這部小說(shuō)中體現(xiàn)的思想與薩特和海德格爾的存在主義觀相吻合。在這部小說(shuō)中，一方面，主人公凡人遭受著身體機(jī)能的衰退和身體死亡帶來(lái)的恐懼。另一方面，他婚姻和家庭的解體以及他對(duì)傳統(tǒng)和宗教的背離導(dǎo)致其精神上的孤獨(dú)、異化、焦慮與虛無(wú)。為了擺脫這些身體的和精神的困境，主人公做出自由選擇通過性來(lái)逃避衰老和死亡和通過藝術(shù)來(lái)擺脫孤獨(dú)和虛無(wú)。然而，凡人的種種做法并沒有克服這些困境，因?yàn)榇鞌「泻吞摕o(wú)感依然困擾著他。最后，凡人經(jīng)歷在父母墓地的洗禮后對(duì)死亡有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)，從而他能夠平靜地、勇敢地正視身體死亡的逼近。 本文通過對(duì)凡人生存狀況和生存困境的分析得出結(jié)論：《凡人》中體現(xiàn)的主人公的生存困境，在猶太人和當(dāng)代人中也同樣存在。因此，菲利普·羅斯所關(guān)注的不僅是猶太人的生存狀況和生存困境，而且也是當(dāng)代人乃至全人類的生存狀況和生存困境，這部小說(shuō)具有一種普遍意義，體現(xiàn)了羅斯對(duì)于猶太人乃至全人類的終極關(guān)懷。
[Abstract]:Philip Ross (1933-) is an outstanding contemporary American Jewish writer whose novels usually describe the life of contemporary American Jews. This theme is similar to that of existentialism. "mortals" revolves around the living conditions of the protagonists and the plight of their survival, and describes their life experiences of aging, illness and death. This thesis uses Sartre's existentialism and Heidegger's view of death to explore the existential dilemma of the protagonist. Based on the textual analysis of mortal, this paper aims to study the physical and mental dilemmas of mortals and their free choices to overcome them. Sartre's existentialism explores people's living conditions and difficulties, the main points of which are fear, anxiety, loneliness, alienation, nothingness and free choice. In addition, Heidegger's view of death is toward death, he advocates that people face death bravely. The thought embodied by Ross in this novel coincides with Sartre and Heidegger's existentialism. In this novel, on the one hand, the hero mortals suffer from the decline of physical function and the fear of physical death. On the other hand, the disintegration of his marriage and family and his deviation from tradition and religion lead to his spiritual loneliness, alienation, anxiety and nothingness. In order to extricate themselves from these physical and mental dilemmas, the protagonist freely chooses to escape aging and death through sex and to escape loneliness and nothingness through art. However, mortal practices did not overcome these dilemmas, as frustration and nothingness still beset him. Finally, the mortal experienced a new understanding of death after the baptism of his parents' grave, so that he could face the approaching of physical death calmly and courageously. Based on the analysis of the living conditions and plight of mortals, this paper draws a conclusion that the existential plight of the protagonists embodied in "mortals" also exists in Jews and contemporary people. Therefore, Philip Ross is concerned not only about the living conditions and plight of Jews, but also about the living conditions and predicaments of contemporary people and all mankind. This novel has a universal significance. It reflects Ross' ultimate concern for Jews and all mankind.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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本文編號(hào)：2054013