發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-21 04:00

  本文選題：《穿越》 + 弗洛伊德　； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今美國(guó)文壇，科馬克·麥卡錫的作品一直備受關(guān)注，他的小說(shuō)主要描寫(xiě)美國(guó)及墨西哥中下層人民的生活經(jīng)歷，并廣受北美讀者的歡迎和評(píng)論界的贊譽(yù)。《邊境三部曲》及《流血的子午線》是科馬克·麥卡錫西部小說(shuō)代表作品，為其奠定了在現(xiàn)代美國(guó)文壇上的大師地位。邊境三部曲之一《穿越》是關(guān)于美國(guó)和墨西哥邊境的經(jīng)典小說(shuō)，很多學(xué)者對(duì)其生態(tài)理論研究比較深入。但是卻對(duì)這部作品的其他方面關(guān)注不夠，本文深入人物研究，從弗洛伊德人格結(jié)構(gòu)理論的角度深入對(duì)人物形象進(jìn)行分析，從而對(duì)人物性格做深度剖析。 在《穿越》這部作品中，科馬克·麥卡錫巧妙的闡釋了三次穿越對(duì)主人公產(chǎn)生的影響，包括對(duì)其內(nèi)在心理、外在應(yīng)對(duì)能力、以及人格方面升華方面的影響，展現(xiàn)了人格的特點(diǎn)。本文利用弗洛伊德的理論，從本我，自我和超我三個(gè)層次對(duì)比利進(jìn)行深層次分析。在三次穿越中，比利應(yīng)對(duì)困難和自我蛻變的過(guò)程，都在弗洛伊德的三個(gè)理論中得到充分的研究。三格中占主導(dǎo)地位的人格會(huì)決定主人公的性格及人格特點(diǎn)，，也是本文所研究的重點(diǎn)。 比利本來(lái)是一個(gè)無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的小男孩，正是有了本我內(nèi)在的需求，以及對(duì)內(nèi)在渴望的追求，使得比利學(xué)會(huì)了對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的適應(yīng)，同時(shí)，自我的防御機(jī)制使得比利的性格得到了充分的控制和提高。更有了每段旅途中的超我的升華，從而讓主人公的形象更加豐滿。此外，本文也闡釋了主人公超我凈化升華的原因，更加深化了比利對(duì)道德以及良知的理解和堅(jiān)持。通過(guò)對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)美國(guó)和墨西哥的社會(huì)環(huán)境，包括戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和人性的描寫(xiě)，充分體現(xiàn)了主人公比利的性格形成和蛻變。 這篇論文從弗洛伊德的人格結(jié)構(gòu)分析視角解讀《穿越》，論文分為三章。 第一章分析主人公三次穿越中本我，自我和超我的人格表現(xiàn)，以及三格之間的斗爭(zhēng)，從而得出結(jié)論，分析出占據(jù)主人公內(nèi)心的人格。 第二章深入分析比利在應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的時(shí)候，處理焦慮時(shí)運(yùn)用的自我防御機(jī)制，這是比利到最后沒(méi)有被現(xiàn)實(shí)和本我的欲望打敗的強(qiáng)大機(jī)制，同時(shí)也是比利強(qiáng)大內(nèi)心的體現(xiàn)。 第三章主要論述了比利的超我得到凈化的主要原因，包括內(nèi)因和外因。以及比利為超我在自身形成所付出的努力，比利的自我沉思和其周圍的好人好事的正面影響，促成了其超我凈化的最終形成。 在《穿越》中，麥卡錫通過(guò)比利的經(jīng)歷，分析了二十世紀(jì)初美國(guó)和墨西哥邊境的狀況，并通過(guò)弗洛伊德的人格分析理論，充分展現(xiàn)了比利的人性的優(yōu)劣，每個(gè)人的性格形成是有一定原因的，通過(guò)該理論，比利的性格得到充分展現(xiàn)。本文主要是從心理學(xué)的角度，深挖人物內(nèi)在性格特性。同時(shí)展現(xiàn)了美國(guó)人在墨西經(jīng)歷和體驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:In contemporary American literature, Cormack McCarthy's works have attracted much attention. His novels mainly describe the life experiences of the middle and lower classes of people in the United States and Mexico. "Border Trilogy" and "Meridian of Blood" are the representative works of Cormack McCarthy's Western novels, which has established his status as a master in modern American literature. One of the frontier trilogy, Crossing, is a classic novel about the border between the United States and Mexico. Many scholars have deeply studied its ecological theory. However, there is not enough attention to the other aspects of this work. This paper goes deep into the study of characters, analyzes the characters from the perspective of Freud's personality structure theory, and makes a deep analysis of the characters' characters. In traversing, Cormack McCarthy cleverly explains the influence of three traversals on the protagonists, including their inner psychology, external coping ability, and the sublimation of personality, showing the characteristics of personality. Based on Freud's theory, this paper makes a deep analysis of Billy from the three levels of ego, ego and superego. Billy's process of coping with difficulties and self-transformation in three traversals is well studied in Freud's three theories. The dominant personality in the three cases determines the character and personality of the protagonist, which is also the focus of this paper. Billy was a carefree little boy, and it was with the inner needs of the ego and the pursuit of inner desires that Billy learned to adapt to reality, and at the same time, The self-defense mechanism gave Billy full control and improvement of his character. More with each section of the journey of superego sublimation, so that the protagonist image more full. In addition, this paper also explains the cause of the purification and sublimation of the hero's superego, which further deepens Billy's understanding and persistence of morality and conscience. The description of the social environment of the United States and Mexico, including war and human nature, fully reflects the formation and transformation of Billy's character. This paper interprets traversing from Freud's perspective of personality structure, which is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes the personality performance of the protagonist three times through the id, ego and superego, as well as the struggle between the three cases, and then comes to a conclusion and analyzes the personality that occupies the hero's heart. The second chapter deeply analyzes the self-defense mechanism used by Billy to deal with anxiety in dealing with reality. This is the powerful mechanism that Billy has not been defeated by reality and ego desire, and it is also the embodiment of Billy's strong heart. The third chapter mainly discusses the main reasons of the purification of Billy's superego, including internal and external causes. And Billy's efforts to form the superego in itself, Billy's self-contemplation and the positive influence of the good people around him, contributed to the final formation of his superego purification. In traversing, McCarthy analyzes the state of the border between the United States and Mexico at the beginning of the twentieth century through Billy's experience, and through Freud's theory of personality analysis, fully demonstrates Billy's human nature. Everyone's character is formed for a reason, through which Billy's character is fully displayed. This article is mainly from the psychology angle, excavates the character characteristic deeply. At the same time, it shows the American experience and experience in Mercy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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