發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-19 04:24

  本文選題：人際意義 + 語(yǔ)氣�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：人際意義指的是語(yǔ)言使用中人際的,變化的,可協(xié)商的意義。這一術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)源于韓禮德系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法。根據(jù)韓禮德的研究,語(yǔ)言有三大元功能：概念功能,人際功能和語(yǔ)篇功能。作為三大元功能之一的人際功能是指語(yǔ)言可以用來(lái)表達(dá)自己對(duì)世界的看法,建立與他人的人際關(guān)系,影響他人的行為,甚至改變世界等,換言之,語(yǔ)言具有表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的身份,地位,態(tài)度和動(dòng)機(jī)等的功能。當(dāng)前語(yǔ)言的人際功能越來(lái)越受到文學(xué)界和語(yǔ)言學(xué)界研究者們的重視。 根據(jù)韓禮德系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法,語(yǔ)言的人際功能在詞匯語(yǔ)法層面主要通過(guò)語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)和情態(tài)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)由主語(yǔ)和定謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成,表達(dá)說(shuō)話雙方的互動(dòng)關(guān)系；情態(tài)系統(tǒng)是介于肯定和否定之間的成分,表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度和判斷。隨著語(yǔ)篇分析和文學(xué)批評(píng)的發(fā)展,系統(tǒng)功能語(yǔ)法被越來(lái)越多的用于分析文學(xué)作品。本論文旨在根據(jù)韓禮德功能語(yǔ)法中關(guān)于人際意義的理論框架運(yùn)用定性和定量的方法,從語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)出發(fā),對(duì)小說(shuō)《貴婦畫(huà)像》中女主人公伊莎貝爾與三個(gè)男主人公之間的對(duì)話進(jìn)行人際意義研究。在語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)方面,本論文主要研究了男女主人公所說(shuō)的小句子數(shù)量和類(lèi)型,最經(jīng)常選用的主語(yǔ),及語(yǔ)氣狀語(yǔ)的使用,以此來(lái)揭示對(duì)話中人物之間的互動(dòng),人物的地位,身份,和態(tài)度。在情態(tài)系統(tǒng)方面,本論文主要分析了說(shuō)話雙方情態(tài)操作詞的使用狀況,以此來(lái)揭示男女主人公之間關(guān)系的發(fā)展和他們各自的性格特點(diǎn)。 經(jīng)過(guò)分析,本文得出如下結(jié)論： 在語(yǔ)氣系統(tǒng)方面：在伊莎貝爾與沃伯頓爵士的對(duì)話中,沃伯頓爵士起主導(dǎo)作用。他使用的小句數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)大于伊莎貝爾,這表明他為求婚做了充分的準(zhǔn)備。他控制著對(duì)話,這反映了他較高的社會(huì)地位。第一人稱“我”是雙方最經(jīng)常選用的主語(yǔ)。沃伯頓爵士努力表達(dá)他對(duì)伊莎貝爾的愛(ài),而伊莎貝爾卻努力婉言拒絕。沃伯頓爵士使用了大量語(yǔ)氣狀語(yǔ)來(lái)加強(qiáng)求婚效果。這些語(yǔ)氣狀語(yǔ)也加強(qiáng)了雙方之間的互動(dòng),推動(dòng)了情節(jié)的發(fā)展。 在伊莎貝爾與卡斯博.古德伍德的對(duì)話中，伊莎貝爾控制著對(duì)話的發(fā)展方向。雙方的對(duì)話更自然,這反映雙方具有平等的社會(huì)地位。雙方最經(jīng)常使用的主語(yǔ)是“我”�？ㄋ共�.古德伍德再次向伊莎貝爾求婚并表明他愿意給伊莎貝爾充足的時(shí)間去體驗(yàn)生活,而伊莎貝爾卻努力表明她不愿結(jié)婚的態(tài)度。與伊莎貝爾相比,卡斯博.古德伍德使用了少量的語(yǔ)氣狀語(yǔ),這表明卡斯博.古德伍德語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)練,直接,性格坦率。 在伊莎貝爾與奧斯蒙德的對(duì)話中,奧斯蒙德是話語(yǔ)的發(fā)起者,他控制著對(duì)話的發(fā)展。奧斯蒙德使用陳述句表明他希望伊莎貝爾促成沃伯頓爵士與潘西的婚事,而伊莎貝爾不愿激怒他,也不遠(yuǎn)違背潘西的意愿。對(duì)話最后,奧斯蒙德使用的命令句反映了他強(qiáng)勢(shì)的性格特點(diǎn),這也把對(duì)話推向了爭(zhēng)吵,雙方關(guān)系更加緊張。雙方使用“我”作為句子的主語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)各自的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng),而“沃伯頓爵士”成為雙方第二最經(jīng)常使用的主語(yǔ),這表明沃伯頓爵士成為雙方爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)。伊莎貝爾使用了更多的語(yǔ)氣狀語(yǔ)來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)言效果,表明其小心謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。 在情態(tài)系統(tǒng)方面：在三個(gè)對(duì)話中,對(duì)話雙方最經(jīng)常使用的是中級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞,這表明對(duì)話雙方?jīng)]有太大的權(quán)利懸殊。在伊莎貝爾與沃伯頓爵士的對(duì)話中。沃伯頓爵士使用大量中級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞來(lái)縮小與伊莎貝爾之間的差距。高級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞的使用又反映出沃伯頓爵士較高的社會(huì)地位,表明沃伯頓爵士說(shuō)話自信,肯定。在伊莎貝爾與卡斯博.古德伍德的對(duì)話中,除使用中級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞外,雙方使用了較多的低級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞,這表明雙方努力使用溫和語(yǔ)氣以緩和雙方之間的關(guān)系。在伊莎貝爾與奧斯蒙德的對(duì)話中,雙方使用大量中級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞來(lái)避免激怒對(duì)方,但隨著對(duì)話的發(fā)展,奧斯蒙德失去耐心,使用高級(jí)情態(tài)操作詞發(fā)出命令,這暴露了其強(qiáng)烈的控制欲,最后導(dǎo)致雙方關(guān)系更加緊張。 通過(guò)對(duì)小說(shuō)《貴婦畫(huà)像》中對(duì)話的人際意義研究,本論文論證了韓禮德功能語(yǔ)法在文學(xué)語(yǔ)篇分析尤其是在小說(shuō)人際意義研究方面的可行性,加強(qiáng)了對(duì)功能語(yǔ)法中人際功能的理解,同時(shí)也加深了人們對(duì)小說(shuō)主要人物性格,地位和人物之間關(guān)系的理解,為《貴婦畫(huà)像》這部小說(shuō)的講授提供了新視角。
[Abstract]:Interpersonal meaning refers to interpersonal, changing, negotiable meaning in language use. This term comes from Hallidy system functional grammar. According to Hallidy's research, language has three major functions: conceptual, interpersonal and textual functions. As one of the three metafunctions, the interpersonal function means that the language can be used to express one's own right The view of the world, the establishment of interpersonal relationships with others, the influence of other people's behavior, and even the change of the world. In other words, language has the functions of expressing the speaker's identity, status, attitude and motivation. The interpersonal function of the language is being paid more and more attention by the literary and linguistic researchers.
According to the Hallidy system functional grammar, the interpersonal function of language is realized mainly through the mood system and the modality system in the lexical grammar level. The mood system is composed of the subject and the definite predicate, which expresses the interaction relationship between the two parties; the modality system is a score between affirmative and negative, expressing the speaker's attitude and judgment. With the development of analysis and literary criticism, systemic functional grammar is increasingly used to analyze literary works. The purpose of this thesis is to use qualitative and quantitative methods based on the theoretical framework of interpersonal meaning in Hallidy's functional grammar, from mood and modality, to the novel < lady's portrait > in the heroine of the novel, Isabel and the three male protagonists. In the aspect of mood system, this paper mainly studies the number and type of the small sentences, the most frequently chosen subject and the use of modal adverbials, in order to reveal the interaction between the characters, the position of the characters, the identity and the attitude in the dialogue. It is necessary to analyze the usage of modal words in both sides, in order to reveal the relationship between the protagonists and their respective personality characteristics.
After analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions:
In the mood system: in the conversation between Isabel and Sir Warburton, sir Warburton plays the leading role. The number of sentences he uses is far greater than Isabel, which indicates that he is fully prepared for the proposal. He controls the dialogue, which reflects his higher social status. The first person, "I" is the most frequently chosen owner of the two parties. Sir Warburton tried to express his love for Isabel, and Isabel tried to refrain. Sir Warburton used a large number of adverbials to strengthen the effect of marriage. These adverbials also strengthened the interaction between the two parties and promoted the development of the plot.
In the dialogue between Isabel and kaspbo Wood, Isabel controlled the direction of the dialogue. The dialogue between the two sides was more natural, which reflected the equal social status of both sides. The most frequently used subject of both sides was "I". Kaspbo Goode Wood proposed to Isabel again and showed that he was willing to give Isabel enough. Time to experience life, and Isabel tried to show her reluctance to marry. Compared with Isabel, kaspbo GAD Wood used a small number of adverbials, which shows that kaspbo GAD Wood is simple, straightforward, and frank.
In the dialogue between Isabel and Osmond, Osmond is the initiator of the discourse, and he controls the development of the dialogue. Osmond uses declarative sentences to show that he wants Isabel to promote the marriage between Warburton and Pansy. The sentence reflects his strong character, which puts the dialogue into a quarrel, and the relationship is more tense. Both sides use "I" as the subject of the sentence to express their views and positions, and "Sir Warburton" becomes the subject of the second most often used by both sides. This shows that Sir Warburton has become the focus of the dispute between the two sides. Baer used more adverbial modifier to enhance the language effect and show his cautious attitude.
In the modality system: in the three dialogues, the most often used by both sides in the three dialogues is intermediate modal operating words, which indicates that there is no big difference in rights between the two parties. In the dialogue between Isabel and Sir Warburton, sir Warburton used a large number of intermediate modal operations to narrow the gap between Isabel and the advanced modality operation. The use of words reflects the high social status of Sir Warburton, which indicates that Sir Warburton is confident and affirmative. In the dialogue between Isabel and kaspbo GAD Wood, both sides use more low-level modality operating words except for the intermediate modality operating words, which indicates that both sides try to use mild mood to ease the two sides. In the dialogue between Isabel and Osmond, both sides use a large number of intermediate modal manipulative words to avoid infuriate each other, but with the development of the dialogue, Osmond loses patience and uses the advanced modality operating words to send orders, which exposes his strong desire for control and eventually leads to more tension between the two parties.
Through the study of the interpersonal meaning of the dialogue in the novel "the portrait of the lady", this paper demonstrates the feasibility of Hallidy's functional grammar in literary discourse analysis, especially in the study of interpersonal meaning in novels, and strengthens the understanding of interpersonal function in functional grammar, and also deepens people's character, status and characters between the main characters of the novel. The understanding of the relationship provides a new perspective for the teaching of the portrait of a lady.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074;H314

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