本文選題：存在主義 + 荒誕�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《心是孤獨(dú)的獵手》是二十世紀(jì)美國(guó)南方的天才作家卡森·麥卡勒斯在1940年年僅二十三歲時(shí)出版的第一本小說(shuō)，并且獲得了巨大的成功。小說(shuō)以美國(guó)南方的一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)為背景，描述了二十世紀(jì)中期工業(yè)化社會(huì)下美國(guó)普通大眾的生存方式和精神狀態(tài)。集中描寫(xiě)了人們的內(nèi)心的痛苦，孤獨(dú)，精神隔絕和焦慮。他們都試圖通過(guò)反抗來(lái)沖破這種痛苦的狀態(tài)，找到生存的意義，但一切都是徒勞。 二十世紀(jì)四十年代后期也就是二戰(zhàn)后的幾十年正是存在主義在西方尤其是歐洲興盛的時(shí)代，十年后也就是二十世紀(jì)五十年代存在主義才逐漸成為美國(guó)哲學(xué)中的主要流派。所以卡森以其敏銳的思想較早地通過(guò)其小說(shuō)在美國(guó)介紹傳播存在主義思想，她探討了個(gè)體存在于世的各種情緒體驗(yàn)，并通過(guò)“自由選擇”來(lái)尋找存在的本質(zhì)和生命的意義。 本文試圖來(lái)分析《心是孤獨(dú)的獵手》這部小說(shuō)所反映的存在主義思想,從而以全新的角度來(lái)理解麥克勒斯和這部作品。 本文分為五部分，首先介紹作家作品及其與存在主義有關(guān)的生活經(jīng)歷。并在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上來(lái)對(duì)本論文的論點(diǎn)做出概述。第一章討論個(gè)人存在于世的狀況及其各種情緒體驗(yàn)，，具體包括存在于世的荒誕感，疏離感，以及焦慮和孤獨(dú)感，以此來(lái)討論作品所反映出的存在主義思想。第二章分析作品人物對(duì)存在的探尋，以此來(lái)擺脫荒誕感，孤獨(dú)感等負(fù)面情緒。他們通過(guò)身份的探尋來(lái)尋找歸屬感，通過(guò)自由選擇和積極行動(dòng)來(lái)探尋生存的意義。最后一章是最總探尋的結(jié)果，自由選擇的行動(dòng)證明所有的努力都是徒勞，人總注定要孤獨(dú)在世，證明了存在主義理論先驅(qū)克爾凱郭爾的“孤獨(dú)個(gè)體”概念。所以孤獨(dú)是無(wú)法逃避的。存在于世就是要面對(duì)死亡，我們不得不“向死而在”。當(dāng)理解了這個(gè)，人就會(huì)清除怎樣來(lái)計(jì)劃人生，怎樣自在冷靜的面對(duì)生活。這也正是麥卡勒斯和存在主義想傳達(dá)給我們的。 麥卡勒斯的孤獨(dú)是無(wú)法擺脫的，她用自己敏銳的觀察力來(lái)展現(xiàn)了人類心靈深處的孤獨(dú)，以及對(duì)存在的無(wú)止境的探索。
[Abstract]:Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Carson McCullers, a genius writer in the 20th century, published his first novel at the age of 23 in 1940, and achieved great success. The novel, set in a small town in the southern United States, describes the way of life and spiritual state of the American general public in the middle of the 20th century. Focuses on people's inner pain, loneliness, mental isolation and anxiety. They all tried to break through this painful state of struggle and find the meaning of survival, but in vain. Existentialism flourished in the West, especially in Europe, in the late 1940s, the decades after World War II. Ten years later, existentialism gradually became the main school of American philosophy. So Carson introduced and spread existentialism in the United States earlier with her keen thoughts. She explored the emotional experience of individual existence in the world, and through "free choice" to find the essence of existence and the significance of life. This paper attempts to analyze the existentialism reflected in the novel "Heart is the Lonely Hunter", so as to understand MacLeus and the novel from a new perspective. This paper is divided into five parts. Firstly, the writer's works and their life experiences related to existentialism are introduced. And on the basis of previous studies to make a summary of the arguments of this paper. The first chapter discusses the existence of the individual in the world and its various emotional experience, including the existence of absurdity, alienation, as well as anxiety and loneliness, to discuss the works reflected in the existentialism thought. The second chapter analyzes the characters' search for existence to get rid of such negative emotions as absurdity and loneliness. They seek the sense of belonging through the search for identity, and seek the meaning of existence through free choice and positive action. The last chapter is the result of the most general exploration. The action of free choice proves that all efforts are futile, that man is doomed to be alone, and that the concept of "lonely individual" by Kierkegaard, a pioneer of existentialism theory, is proved. So loneliness is inescapable. To exist in the world is to face death, we have to "die and exist". When you understand this, people will clear how to plan life, how to face life calmly. This is exactly what McCullers and existentialism want to convey to us. The loneliness of McCullers is inextricable, she uses her keen observation to show the loneliness of the human soul and the endless exploration of existence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I712.074

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本文編號(hào)：2016998