本文選題：洪堡的禮物 + 索爾·貝婁��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：索爾·貝婁是美國最有影響力的猶太作家之一，他是繼海明威和福克納之后又一位文學(xué)大師。由于他的作品對當(dāng)代文化進(jìn)行了富于人性的理解和精妙的分析，一九七六年他被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這不僅是對他創(chuàng)作才能的肯定也是對他作品之于社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)的褒獎(jiǎng)。幾乎貝婁的每一部作品都關(guān)注著現(xiàn)代人的生活和命運(yùn)問題，對人物在瞬息萬變的美國社會(huì)中的生存狀況及精神危機(jī)給予了深切的關(guān)懷，并幫助他們擺脫困境，開始新的生活。 《洪堡的禮物》是貝婁最杰出的長篇小說之一，自從問世就獲得了廣泛的關(guān)注，，并且?guī)椭悐浍@得了一九七六年的普利策獎(jiǎng)。小說中，主人公西特林以獨(dú)白的形式描述了藝術(shù)家，尤其是美國猶太作家在拜金主義盛行的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中經(jīng)受身體及心理上的雙重折磨而產(chǎn)生異化，變得憂慮、困惑、孤獨(dú)、無力。作為一個(gè)有著猶太背景的作家,貝婁無疑對猶太知識分子投入了更多的關(guān)懷與同情，并努力幫助他們擺脫異化，完成精神的救贖。 本文主要包含導(dǎo)言、主體和結(jié)論三個(gè)部分。 第一部分為導(dǎo)言，主要介紹國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對索爾·貝婁作品的評價(jià)及研究。通過不同作家對該作品的分析，確立本文的主題。 主體部分由四章構(gòu)成，第一章介紹本文的理論依據(jù)—異化理論。闡述了異化理論的提出與發(fā)展過程，對其進(jìn)行深刻的理解，從而為之后的分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。 第二章介紹《洪堡的禮物》中人物的異化。主要表現(xiàn)為對生活及創(chuàng)作的無法掌控，在這個(gè)扭曲的世界里生活失去了意義，他們甚至感到孤獨(dú)和自我疏離。洪堡是美國三十年代著名的詩人，他的詩歌充滿了純真和浪漫的氣息，受到很多名人的盛贊。然而到了四十年代末，隨著物質(zhì)主義在美國的盛行，他的那些詩歌就成了過時(shí)的玩意兒，但是洪堡希望用他那柏拉圖精神和愛心來改造社會(huì)，事實(shí)證明一切都是徒勞。逐漸被人們遺忘的洪堡變得異化了，他內(nèi)心充滿了孤獨(dú)感繼而轉(zhuǎn)向女人和酗酒，并且心中充滿了猜疑，最后在絕望中死去。而小說的另一位主人公，西特林，取得了成功，他的作品不斷地在百老匯上演，為他贏得了財(cái)富與名譽(yù)。但是這些物質(zhì)上的富足并沒有為他帶來快樂，反而使他越來越感覺生命的無意義甚至迷失了自我，糾纏于不同的女人中。最后，他的創(chuàng)作靈感消失殆盡，陷入了經(jīng)濟(jì)與精神危機(jī)當(dāng)中。 第三章重點(diǎn)分析異化的根源。在充滿拜金主義和缺乏精神追求的美國社會(huì)中，無論是洪堡還是西特林都變得異化，迷失了自我。他們都曾經(jīng)獲得成功，但也都飽嘗失敗的苦果，一個(gè)在窮困潦倒中死去，一個(gè)被親人和友人拋棄。他們一方面沉溺于物質(zhì)上的追求，另一方面又覺得精神上的需求無法在這個(gè)物質(zhì)主義和實(shí)用主義盛行的社會(huì)中得到滿足。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無法很好地處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的事情，因此試圖構(gòu)建一個(gè)自己的世界從而尋求解脫。他們異化的根源在于他們對猶太身份及文化的眷戀。他們很想完全融入美國社會(huì)成為真正的美國人，但同時(shí)他們又不斷想起自己的猶太背景，這樣矛盾的內(nèi)心使得他們心理上產(chǎn)生一種邊緣感。他們雖然有理想有抱負(fù)，但是卻被社會(huì)邊緣化了，因此他們只能被漠視被遺忘。同時(shí)他們的異化又來源于社會(huì)的影響，隨著美國工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的不斷加劇，整個(gè)社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀念發(fā)生了很大的改變，變得扭曲，畸形。社會(huì)中充滿了欺騙、敲詐，人們彼此之間缺少了信任。生活在這樣的環(huán)境下，洪堡和西特林不可避免的要受到影響。對死亡的困擾也是導(dǎo)致西特林異化的原因之一。他對死亡充滿了恐懼之情，因此他從來不參加任何的葬禮，并且陷入對死亡的思考。 第四章闡釋人性的回歸。主要從兩個(gè)方面展開，西特林在領(lǐng)取洪堡遺產(chǎn)的路上所經(jīng)歷的事情使他重拾了對他人的友愛之心，用劇本獲得成功所帶來的收益重新埋葬了洪堡和他的母親，并且把剩下的錢送給洪堡的叔叔。另一方面，主人公通過與這個(gè)瘋狂世界的斗爭以及對人性的思考得到了精神上的救贖。 最后一部分為結(jié)論，在總結(jié)全文主題的基礎(chǔ)上，指出其現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。作為具有高度責(zé)任心的作家，索爾·貝婁響應(yīng)時(shí)代召喚，認(rèn)真思考了人類的生存狀態(tài)。洪堡的禮物所揭示的不僅是美國猶太人的精神危機(jī)和社會(huì)問題，也指出了整個(gè)現(xiàn)代文明和現(xiàn)代人的生存困惑與危機(jī)。同時(shí)，貝婁也試圖通過作品指引異化的現(xiàn)代人踏上人性回歸的道路。
[Abstract]:Sol Bellow is one of the most influential Jewish writers in the United States. He is another master of literature after Hemingway and Faulkner. Because of his works of human understanding and exquisite analysis of contemporary culture, he was awarded the Nobel prize in literature in 1976. This is not only the affirmation of his creative talent but also to him. Almost every work of Bellow pays attention to the life and fate of modern people. It gives a deep concern to the living conditions and spiritual crisis in the rapidly changing American society, and helps them to get rid of their difficulties and start a new life.
"Humboldt's gift" is one of the most outstanding novels of Bellow, which has received extensive attention and helped Bellow to win the Pulitzer prize in 1976. In the novel, the hero Citrin described the artist as a monologue, especially the American Jewish writer in the modern society, which was popular in the worship of gold. As a writer with Jewish background, Bellow, as a writer with Jewish background, has no doubt devoted more attention and sympathy to the Jewish intellectuals, and tries to help them get rid of alienation and achieve spiritual salvation.
This article mainly includes three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is the introduction, which mainly introduces the evaluation and study of Sol Bellow's works by scholars both at home and abroad, and establishes the theme of this article through the analysis of the works by different writers.
The main part is composed of four chapters. The first chapter introduces the theoretical basis of this article, the theory of alienation. It expounds the process of the development and development of the theory of alienation, and makes a profound understanding of it, thus laying a foundation for the later analysis.
The second chapter introduces the dissimilation of the characters in the Humboldt's gift, which is mainly manifested in the uncontrolled life and creation and the loss of meaning in this twisted world. They even feel lonely and self alienated. Humboldt is a famous American poet in the 30s, his poems are full of pure and romantic breath, and many celebrities are given. At the end of the 40s, however, by the end of the 40s, with the popularity of materialism in the United States, his poems became outmoded gadgets, but Humboldt hoped to transform society with his Platon spirit and love. It proved that everything was in vain. The forgotten Humboldt became dissimilated, and his heart was filled with loneliness and succession. To women and alcohol, and to be filled with suspicion, and to die in despair. And the other protagonist of the novel, the protagonist of the novel, was successful, and his works continued on Broadway to win his wealth and fame. But the riches of the material did not bring him happiness, but made him feel more and more alive. Meaning even lost itself, entangled in different women. In the end, his creative inspiration disappeared and plunged into economic and spiritual crisis.
The third chapter focuses on the root of alienation. In the American society full of money worship and lack of spiritual pursuit, both Humboldt and Sai Lin have become dissimilated and lost themselves. They have all been successful, but they both suffer from the bitter fruit of failure, one in poor and poor, and one by relatives and friends. Indulge in material pursuit, on the other hand, it feels that spiritual needs cannot be met in a society where materialism and pragmatism prevail. They find themselves unable to deal with real life well, and therefore try to build a world of their own and seek relief. Their alienation is rooted in their Judas. They want to be fully integrated into American society and become real Americans, but at the same time they are constantly reminded of their Jewish background, which makes them psychologically marginalized. They have ideal ambitions, but they are marginalized by society, so they can only be disregarded. At the same time, their alienation comes from the influence of society. As the process of industrialization in the United States continues to intensify, the values of the whole society have changed greatly, become distorted and deformed. The society is full of deceit, extortion, and lack of trust between people. The influence of death is one of the reasons for Citrin's dissimilation. He is full of fear of death, so he never takes any funeral and thinks of death.
The fourth chapter explains the return of human nature. It is mainly from two aspects. The things he experienced on his way to the Humboldt's legacy reclaimed his love for others, reburied Humboldt and his mother with the success of the script, and gave the rest of the money to the uncle of Humboldt. On the other hand, the hero Through the struggle against this crazy world and the thinking of human nature, we have been spiritually saved.
The last part is the conclusion. On the basis of the summary of the full text theme, it points out its practical significance. As a highly responsible writer, Saul Bellow responds to the call of the times and seriously thinks about the state of human existence. The gift of Humboldt reveals not only the spiritual crisis and social problems of the American Jews, but also the whole modern language. Ming and modern people's survival confusion and crisis. At the same time, Bellow also tried to guide the alienated modern people to embark on the path of humanity's return.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 馬曉艷;王紅麗;;小說《洪堡的禮物》折射出的人類精神探索的文化主題[J];安徽文學(xué)(下半月);2010年06期

本文編號：1978977