本文選題：莫里哀 + 喜劇　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：莫里哀是17世紀(jì)法國古典主義喜劇的代表作家,同時又是一位身兼編劇、導(dǎo)演、演員于身的喜劇大師。莫里哀的喜劇作品觸及到了法國社會的各個階層,具有濃郁的時代氣息,他通過喜劇傳達(dá)的民主平等思想,儼然已超越了其所屬時代。在他的喜劇作品中,小人物常常獨樹一幟,這些小人物通常由身份、地位都相對低微的侍者、仆人擔(dān)當(dāng),但他們聰明機(jī)智、靈動活潑,在各種斗智斗勇的過程中盡顯市民階層的智慧。莫里哀竭心塑造的這類人物,在其喜劇創(chuàng)作中占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位,他們是十七世紀(jì)法國社會中下層人民的傳聲筒與代言人,跟隨他們的腳步,透過他們的眼睛,我們看到了十七世紀(jì)路易十四時代法國君主專制極盛時期色彩斑斕的廣袤社會：既看到了資產(chǎn)階級對金錢的貪婪銅臭、世襲貴族的向往及各種附庸風(fēng)雅,義看到了貴族階級的腐朽、沒落與荒唐及對其他階層的蔑視。莫里哀以辛辣的諷刺之筆,通過所謂的下層人物：小人物的言行、智慧,映襯出了所謂的上等社會：資產(chǎn)階級、貴族階級的各種時代弊病。 對于莫里哀的研究,我國學(xué)者已在該領(lǐng)域取得了豐碩成果,這些研究主要集中在莫里哀喜劇作品的思想及人物類型方面,人物類型方面又以貴族和資產(chǎn)者為主,而對莫里哀喜劇中的下層人物的研究還較薄弱。在莫里哀的喜劇作品中,小人物在喜劇中發(fā)揮著十分重要的喜劇功能,對喜劇效果的形成也起到了非常重要的作用。本文擬從小人物的分析入手,對莫里哀喜劇中的小人物類型按照喜劇功能進(jìn)行梳理,之后再具體分析小人物在喜劇中的喜劇功能、造成的喜劇效果及喜劇效果形成的原因。 全文共分為五個部分： 第一部分為引言：主要介紹當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外關(guān)于莫里哀及小人物的研究現(xiàn)狀。我國早期對莫里哀的研究主要以生平傳記和作品評論為主。從上世紀(jì)八十年代開始,學(xué)者們開始注重分析莫里哀喜劇的藝術(shù)特色及典型人物形象。進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以后,學(xué)者們更多側(cè)重作品形式研究和比較研究。國外關(guān)于莫里哀的研究較多,但關(guān)于小人物這個群體,也只是幾篇文獻(xiàn)在論述莫里哀喜劇的其他方面時略微提及。目前,國內(nèi)關(guān)于莫里哀筆下的小人物的研究只有龔如山和侯賽軍的兩篇文獻(xiàn),且僅就仆人或女仆進(jìn)行類型分析,并未從喜劇的角度來探討。由此可見,關(guān)于莫里哀喜劇中小人物的研究仍有巨大的闡釋空間。 第二部分：譯介莫里哀喜劇對前人的繼承及莫里哀喜劇的獨特性。莫里哀對古希臘、古羅馬喜劇的接受,影響著他自身的創(chuàng)作。在此基礎(chǔ)上,莫里哀融注新的內(nèi)容與方法,形成自已獨特的喜劇風(fēng)格,使得他的喜劇能在古典主義、悲劇一統(tǒng)天下的十七世紀(jì)戲劇舞臺上立于不敗之地。 第三部分：對小人物身份展開梳理,分析不同喜劇功能的小人物,主要分為二種類型：第一種為推動戲劇沖突發(fā)展型,這種類型的小人物在戲劇發(fā)展過程中起著十分重要的作用,在關(guān)鍵時刻推動情節(jié)的發(fā)展,使整部喜劇達(dá)到高潮；第二種為代言型,他們均是莫里哀或時代大眾思想的直接呈現(xiàn)；第三種為插科打諢型,主要作用為娛樂觀眾。 第四部分：分析小人物在喜劇中的功能及造成的喜劇效果和原因。喜劇功能可分為顛覆權(quán)威、消解差異、營造喜劇情境、揭示人物性格和關(guān)系四個方面。其中,對權(quán)威的顛覆又分為對資產(chǎn)者的顛覆與對貴族的顛覆。喜劇效果方面,主體為“笑”的生發(fā),原因可分為塑造喜劇人物和設(shè)計捉弄情境兩方面。 第五部分：結(jié)語。概要總結(jié)全文,提出存在的問題及尚需改進(jìn)的地方。 通過本文的探索,我們發(fā)現(xiàn),莫里哀喜劇中的小人物不僅在莫里哀的喜劇中占據(jù)重要地位,更是對所屬時代社會生活風(fēng)貌的一種生動反映。透過這些小人物的形象,我們不僅窺視到了劇作家本身的民主思想與進(jìn)步意識,關(guān)于十七世紀(jì)法國社會民主意識的萌芽與發(fā)展更可見一斑,莫里哀在生活中汲取素材創(chuàng)造的這些人物是具有時代意義的。
[Abstract]:Moliere is the representative writer of the French classical comedy in seventeenth Century. At the same time, it is also a comedy master who is also a writer, director and actor. Moliere's comedy works touches all classes of French society and has a strong flavor of the times. In his comic works, the small characters are often unique. These little characters are usually made by their identities, their relatively low standing waiters and servants, but they are smart, intelligent, lively and intelligent in the course of all kinds of fighting and bravery. These characters, created by Moliere, occupy the light in his comic creation. They are the voice of the lower people in the French Society of the seventeenth Century, and they follow their footsteps. Through their eyes, we see the colourful and colorful society of the French monarchy during the Louis Xiv era in seventeenth Century: the greed of bourgeois to money and the hereditary aristocracy of the bourgeoisie. The yearning and a variety of appendages have seen the decadent of the aristocratic class, the decline and the disdain of the absurd and other classes. Moliere, with the pungent satire, through the so-called lower characters: the words and deeds of the small figures, and the wisdom of the so-called upper class, the bourgeoisie, the aristocratic class of the various times maladies.
In the field of Moliere's study, Chinese scholars have achieved fruitful results in this field. These studies mainly focus on the ideas and types of Moliere's comic works. The types of characters are mainly aristocratic and bourgeois, but the study of the lower characters in Moliere's comedy is still weak. In Moliere's comedy, small The characters play a very important comedy function in comedy and play a very important role in the formation of the comic effect. This paper, starting with the analysis of the young people, combs the characters of the small characters in Moliere's comedy according to the comedy function, and then analyzes the comedy function of the small man in the comedy and the comic effect. And the cause of the comic effect.
The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is an introduction: the current research status of Moliere and small people is mainly introduced. In the early years of our country, the study of Moliere was mainly based on biography and literary criticism. From the 80s of last century, scholars began to pay attention to the analysis of the artistic features and typical characters of Moliere's comedy. After the period, scholars have more focused on the study of the form of works and comparative studies. There are many foreign studies about Moliere, but there are only a few articles about the small figures in the other aspects of Moliere's comedy. At present, there are only two studies on Moliere's small figures in China, but only Gong Rushan and Hou race. It is clear that there is still a lot of space for the study of the small characters in Moliere's comedy.
The second part: the translation of Moliere's comedy to the inheritance of the predecessors and the uniqueness of Moliere's comedy. Moliere's acceptance of ancient Greece and the ancient Rome comedy influenced his own creation. On this basis, Moliere formed his own unique style of comedy with his new content and method, making his comedies able to be classicism and tragedies. In seventeenth Century, the stage of drama was invincible.
The third part: combing the identity of the small characters and analyzing the small characters of different comic functions, it is divided into two types: the first is to promote the development of drama conflict. This type of small characters plays a very important role in the development of drama, and it promotes the development of the plot at the critical moment, and makes the whole comedy reach the climax; second They are representative, they are the direct presentation of Moliere or the public thought of the times; the third is the gag type, the main function is entertainment audience.
The fourth part: analyze the function and the comic effect and cause of the small characters in the comedy. The comic function can be divided into four aspects: Subversion authority, dispelling difference, creating comedy situation, revealing character and relationship, among which, subversion to authority is divided into subversion to the bourgeois and subversion of aristocracy. Laughter can be divided into two aspects: creating comic characters and designing situations.
The fifth part: epilogue. Summarize the full text, put forward the existing problems and need to be improved.
Through the exploration of this article, we find that the small characters in Moliere's comedy not only occupy an important position in Moliere's comedy, but also a vivid reflection of the social life style of the times. Through the images of these little characters, we not only peek into the playwright's own democratic thought and progressive consciousness, but also on the seventeenth Century law. The emergence and development of social democratic consciousness in China is more evident. Moliere's characters in the process of absorbing materials in life are of epochal significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：I565.073

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