本文選題：《老人與海》 + 敘述視角��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：小說《老人與海》是海明威的代表作，為他贏得1954年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎起了至關(guān)重要的作用，吸引了國內(nèi)外眾多評論者的充分關(guān)注，，然而從敘述視角和言語行為理論相結(jié)合的角度對老人形象進(jìn)行的研究尚未見到。論文獨(dú)辟蹊徑，在對敘述視角進(jìn)行合理分類的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合“以言行事”的語用理論，對《老人與海》中老人形象及社會含義進(jìn)行闡釋。 敘述視角是重要的敘事策略，屬于結(jié)構(gòu)范疇。傳統(tǒng)研究多關(guān)注視角分類，忽視了其語言行為功能。視角是用語言實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因此敘述語言本身具有言語行為功能，在一定視角下通過表達(dá)一定的命題內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的言外功能，并收一定的言后之果。論文以聚焦者的位置為依據(jù)將敘述視角分為內(nèi)視角和外視角，前者聚焦者在故事內(nèi)，后者聚焦者在故事外。內(nèi)視角由第一人稱回顧視角和經(jīng)驗(yàn)視角以及第三人稱經(jīng)驗(yàn)視角構(gòu)成，后者則包括傳統(tǒng)的第一人稱和第三人稱全知視角，第二人稱視角及照相機(jī)式視角。 海明威在《老人與�！分杏稳杏谕庖暯呛蛢�(nèi)視角之間，通過內(nèi)省和外察全方位展現(xiàn)老人深度重壓下的風(fēng)度。外視角包括傳統(tǒng)第三人稱全知視角和照相機(jī)式視角，客觀全面地聚焦老人所面臨的重壓。照相機(jī)式視角的命題行為如實(shí)呈現(xiàn)老人的生存環(huán)境，言外行為向讀者展示老人生活的窘迫、運(yùn)氣不佳及顏面掃地。言后行為使讀者對人物產(chǎn)生憐憫之情。全知視角的命題行為是展示老人的外表及內(nèi)心，言外行為是從作者權(quán)威的角度對老人進(jìn)行評價,言后行為是使讀者感受到老人優(yōu)雅的風(fēng)度。外視角多客觀描寫和作者評價。 內(nèi)視角體現(xiàn)在第三人稱體驗(yàn)視角上，由圣地亞哥的大量獨(dú)白完成，并由直接引語、間接引語和自由間接引語的混合體實(shí)現(xiàn)。該視角的命題行為聚焦老人的內(nèi)心活動，言外行為表現(xiàn)老人豐富、深邃和矛盾相加的內(nèi)心活動，言后行為拉近了讀者與人物的距離，使讀者進(jìn)入人物內(nèi)心，零距離體會老人的自信、勇敢和樂觀。 內(nèi)外視角的切換使讀者從主客觀兩方面感受到老人重壓下的優(yōu)雅風(fēng)度，啟發(fā)我們在殘酷的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)和命運(yùn)中，人應(yīng)該毫無畏懼地迎接挑戰(zhàn)與斗爭、以極大的決心和勇氣面對失敗、在壓力下優(yōu)雅地生存；人生的意義不在于“成功”，也不在于“失敗”，而在于抗?fàn)帯?論文采取理論分析和文本細(xì)讀相結(jié)合的研究方法，旨在透視敘述視角變化與言語行為的關(guān)系，體會作者精湛的創(chuàng)作技巧。該研究方法符合當(dāng)前文學(xué)研究跨學(xué)科發(fā)展的趨勢，是對小說欣賞和批評理論與實(shí)踐的一次新嘗試。
[Abstract]:As a masterpiece of Hemingway, the novel the Old Man and the Sea played a vital role in winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature and attracted the full attention of many critics at home and abroad. However, the study of the image of the elderly from the perspective of narration and speech act theory has not been seen. Based on the reasonable classification of narrative perspective and the pragmatic theory of "taking words and deeds", the paper explains the image and social meaning of the elderly in "the Old Man and the Sea". Narrative perspective is an important narrative strategy and belongs to the category of structure. Traditional studies focus on visual classification and neglect its linguistic behavioral function. Angle of view is realized by language, so narrative language itself has speech act function. In a certain angle of view, it can express certain propositional content, realize certain extra-verbal function, and receive certain fruit after speech. Based on the position of the focusser, the narrative perspective is divided into the internal perspective and the external perspective. The former is in the story, the latter is outside the story. The internal perspective consists of the first person perspective, the empirical perspective and the third person perspective. The latter includes the traditional first person and third person omniscient perspective, the second person perspective and the camera perspective. Hemingway in the Old Man and the Sea in the edge between the external and internal perspective, through introspection and external observation of all aspects of the old man under the pressure of the depth of grace. The external perspective, including the traditional third person omniscient perspective and the camera perspective, focuses objectively and comprehensively on the stress faced by the elderly. The propositional behavior of camera visual angle presents the living environment of the old people truthfully, and the unspoken behavior shows the readers the embarrassment, bad luck and face loss of the old people's life. The postmortem makes the reader feel pity for the characters. The propositional behavior of omniscient perspective is to show the appearance and heart of the old man, the extraverbal behavior is to evaluate the old man from the perspective of the author's authority, and the postverbal behavior is to make the reader feel the elegant demeanor of the old man. The external visual angle is more objective description and author evaluation. The internal perspective is embodied in the perspective of the third person experience, completed by a large number of monologues of Santiago, and realized by the mixture of direct speech, indirect speech and free indirect speech. The propositional behavior of this perspective focuses on the inner activities of the elderly, while the extra-verbal behavior shows the inner activities of the elderly, which are rich, profound and contradictory. The post-speech behavior draws the distance between the readers and the characters and makes the readers enter the hearts of the characters. Zero distance experience the old man's self-confidence, courage and optimism. The change of internal and external perspective makes readers feel the grace under the burden of the elderly from subjective and objective aspects, and enlightens us that in the cruel social reality and destiny, people should meet the challenge and struggle without fear. Face failure with great determination and courage, live gracefully under pressure; the meaning of life lies not in success, nor in failure, but in struggle. By combining theoretical analysis and text reading, the thesis aims to understand the relationship between the change of narrative perspective and speech act, and to understand the author's exquisite creative skills. This research method accords with the current trend of interdisciplinary development of literary research and is a new attempt in the theory and practice of novel appreciation and criticism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074;H313

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