本文選題：安德森 + 《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》　； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：舍伍德·安德森是美國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上地位特殊的作家,因其對�？思{和菲茨杰拉德等影響深遠,享有“現(xiàn)代美國作家導(dǎo)師"的美譽。安德森對工業(yè)革命帶來的社會劇變極其敏感,致力于表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代人的異化和人性的扭曲。在其最具影響力的代表作《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中,安德森以俄亥俄州小鎮(zhèn)溫斯堡為背景,成功塑造了在迅速變遷的時代里生活的畸人的人物群像。 本論文將安德森置于怪誕文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)中,通過細致分析《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》中的畸人形象,探討安德森獨具一格的心理畸人理論及其成因,揭示安德森的怪誕藝術(shù)的意蘊及其深遠影響。安德森賦予怪誕以新的含義—怪誕的主要特點不再局限于幻想的、超自然的現(xiàn)象,而是升華到孤獨與異化的心理領(lǐng)域�！缎℃�(zhèn)畸人》作為“現(xiàn)代怪誕結(jié)晶”的代表作,刻畫了一群異化了的孤獨的“心理畸人”。在缺乏溫情甚至充滿敵意的外部世界里,他們?nèi)绱藞?zhí)著地追尋著自己的“真理”,以至于變得無所適從,喪失了享受其他人生體驗的能力,異化于外部世界。 本論文由引言、正文和結(jié)語三大部分構(gòu)成,其中正文分為三章。第一章分析安德森對怪誕理論的繼承與發(fā)展,界定“心理畸人”概念,即指那些擁抱真理并且試圖以真理為生而遭遇各種失敗與創(chuàng)傷后內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生畸變的人。受表現(xiàn)主義藝術(shù)影響,安德森將這種內(nèi)心畸變外化成外貌的怪誕和言語行為的怪誕,并以此將心理畸人分為兩類。第二章重點分析外貌怪誕的心理畸人。這一類心理畸人在追尋“創(chuàng)造力”、“永恒真理”、“母愛”及“自尊”真理中,因為遭受挫敗,內(nèi)心受到重創(chuàng),極度自我懷疑、異化、偏執(zhí)與仇恨等內(nèi)心畸變最終以表現(xiàn)主義藝術(shù)形式——怪誕的外貌如怪誕的手、指關(guān)節(jié)、臉和身體形象生動外化出來。第三章分析具有怪誕語言活動的心理畸人。這一類心理畸人在追尋“夢想”、“共同性”、“身份”及“成功”真理中,內(nèi)心遭受嚴(yán)重挫傷,心理畸變表現(xiàn)在無助的詞不達意、無意義的重復(fù)與滔滔不絕以及壓抑的言語功能的怪誕言語活動中。第四章分析安德森的心理畸人創(chuàng)作的文學(xué)和美學(xué)意義。安德森“心理畸人”的書寫有力結(jié)合了怪誕理論與現(xiàn)代主義主題中孤獨與異化,影響了后來一批美國文學(xué)作家的怪誕創(chuàng)作特別是將現(xiàn)實和哥特式文學(xué)融合,極具文學(xué)影響力。同時,安德森筆下的“心理畸人”內(nèi)心的異化、孤獨、焦慮、無意識等通過怪誕的外表或行為表現(xiàn)出來,用美學(xué)中的“丑”有力地展示人性的扭曲與真實,具有現(xiàn)代美學(xué)意義。 通過《小鎮(zhèn)畸人》,安德森著力表現(xiàn)在社會和環(huán)境重壓下,小鎮(zhèn)居民的生存境況及心理狀態(tài),用同情的筆觸刻畫內(nèi)心畸變的“心理畸人”,發(fā)掘他們內(nèi)心的癥結(jié)。安德森的“心理畸人”理論和文學(xué)形象使他在怪誕文學(xué)中占據(jù)舉足輕重的地位。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson is a special writer in the history of modern American literature. Because of his profound influence on Faulkner and Fitzgerald, he enjoys the reputation of "teacher of Modern American Writers". Anderson is extremely sensitive to the social upheaval brought about by the Industrial Revolution and devotes himself to expressing the alienation and distortion of human nature. In his most influential masterpiece, the small Town Man, Anderson takes the small town of Winsborough, Ohio, as the background and successfully shapes the images of the abnormal people living in the rapidly changing times. In this paper, Anderson is placed in the tradition of grotesque literature, through the careful analysis of the image of the teratons in the small town, this paper probes into Anderson's unique theory of psychodontics and its causes, and reveals the implication of Anderson's grotesque art and its profound influence. Anderson gives new meaning to grotesque-the main features of grotesque are no longer confined to fantasy, supernatural phenomena, but sublimated to the psychological field of loneliness and alienation. It depicts a group of alienated and lonely "psychopaths". In the lack of warmth and even hostility in the external world, they are so persistent in pursuing their own "truth" that they become confused, lose the ability to enjoy other life experiences, and alienate themselves from the outside world. This thesis is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into three chapters. The first chapter analyzes Anderson's inheritance and development of grotesque theory, and defines the concept of "psychopaths", that is, those who embrace truth and try to make a living from truth and suffer from various failures and inner distortions after trauma. Influenced by expressionist art, Anderson externalizes this kind of inner distortion into the grotesque of appearance and the grotesque of speech act, and classifies psychological malformation into two categories. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of grotesque psychopaths. In the pursuit of "creativity", "eternal truth", "maternal love" and "self-esteem", this kind of psychopaths suffer heavy losses, extreme self-doubt and alienation. The inner distortion, such as paranoia and hatred, is finally externalized by the artistic form of expressionism-grotesque appearance such as grotesque hand, knuckles, face and body. The third chapter analyzes the psychopaths with grotesque language activities. In the pursuit of "dream", "commonality", "identity" and "success" truth, this kind of psychopaths suffer serious internal contusion, and psychological distortion is manifested in helpless words. Meaningless repetition and gushing as well as repressed speech function in grotesque speech activities. Chapter four analyzes the literary and aesthetic significance of Anderson's psychological teratons. Andersen's writing of "psychodontics" combines the theory of grotesque with the theme of modernism, and influences the grotesque creation of a group of American literary writers, especially the combination of reality and Gothic literature, which has great literary influence. At the same time, the alienation, loneliness, anxiety and unconsciousness of the mind in Anderson's works show the distortion and reality of human nature with the "ugliness" in aesthetics, which is of modern aesthetic significance. According to the book, Andersen exerts himself under the pressure of society and environment, the living condition and psychological state of the townspeople, and portrays the "psychological malformed people" with sympathetic strokes to find out the crux of their heart. Anderson's theory of "psychopaths" and literary images make him play an important role in grotesque literature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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