《蠅王》中杰克與拉爾夫之爭(zhēng)的文學(xué)達(dá)爾文主義解讀
本文選題：《蠅王》 + 威廉·戈?duì)柖?/strong>��； 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】：《蠅王》是諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者威廉·戈?duì)柖?William Golding,1911—1993)的成名作。自1954年問(wèn)世以來(lái)，該小說(shuō)引發(fā)了眾多學(xué)者對(duì)于小說(shuō)人物行為見(jiàn)仁見(jiàn)智廣泛深入的探討。 上世紀(jì)九十年代末，美國(guó)一批學(xué)者重新提出以達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化理論分析文學(xué)作品，進(jìn)而形成了文學(xué)達(dá)爾文主義新思潮。文學(xué)達(dá)爾文主義結(jié)合達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論思想和進(jìn)化心理學(xué)理論，將文學(xué)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)文本中人物的行為及讀者的閱讀活動(dòng)都看做人類進(jìn)化形成的心理機(jī)制和客觀環(huán)境互動(dòng)作用下的必然結(jié)果，并將人類活動(dòng)的基本動(dòng)機(jī)歸納為兩點(diǎn)：生存與繁殖。 小說(shuō)《蠅王》中兩大主人公杰克和拉爾夫的行為至始至終都是他們與生俱來(lái)的動(dòng)機(jī)與情感的外在表現(xiàn)，，也一直由這些動(dòng)機(jī)和情感所控制。同時(shí)，兩者的動(dòng)機(jī)和情感無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻不受周圍客觀環(huán)境變化的影響。因此，從適應(yīng)主義者角度來(lái)看，該小說(shuō)很好地反映了文學(xué)達(dá)爾文主義一大觀點(diǎn)：人類行為是人類內(nèi)在進(jìn)化心理和外在客觀環(huán)境互動(dòng)作用的結(jié)果。本論文借助來(lái)源于達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論和進(jìn)化心理學(xué)相關(guān)理論的文學(xué)達(dá)爾文主義，對(duì)兩大主人公之間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的表現(xiàn)原因和結(jié)果進(jìn)行較為詳細(xì)的分析。 通過(guò)分析可以看出，小說(shuō)兩大主人公在生存技術(shù)/資源社會(huì)關(guān)系三大行為系統(tǒng)中表現(xiàn)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不是各自孤立發(fā)展的，它們彼此融合，互相摻雜，形成了一系列難以調(diào)和的矛盾；其次，我們不能忽視對(duì)客觀環(huán)境和個(gè)人心理變化的關(guān)注，以及它們之間的互動(dòng)對(duì)個(gè)人行為的影響；同時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了文學(xué)生物性的真實(shí)存在，證實(shí)了文學(xué)也是人類處理適應(yīng)性問(wèn)題的有效手段之一。
[Abstract]:The Lord of the flies is a famous work by William Goldingn, the Nobel Prize winner in literature, 1911-1993. Since it was published in 1954, the novel has caused many scholars to differ on the behavior of the characters in the novel. Extensive and in-depth discussion. At the end of 1990s, a group of American scholars put forward the theory of Darwinian evolution to analyze literary works, and then formed a new trend of literary Darwinism. Literary Darwinism combined with Darwinian Evolutionism and Evolutionary Psychology Theory, Literary creation activities? The characters' behavior and readers' reading activities in the text are regarded as the inevitable result of the interaction between the psychological mechanism and the objective environment formed by human evolution, and the basic motivation of human activity is summed up as two points: survival and reproduction. The behavior of Jack and Ralph, the two protagonists in the novel Lord of the flies, is the external expression of their innate motives and emotions, and is controlled by them all the time. At the same time, both motivations and emotions are always affected by changes in the surrounding objective environment. Therefore, from the point of view of adapters, the novel well reflects a major viewpoint of literary Darwinism: human behavior is the result of interaction between human internal evolutionary psychology and external objective environment. With the help of Darwinism from Darwinian Evolutionism and Evolutionary Psychology, this thesis shows the competition between the two protagonists. The causes and results were analyzed in detail. From the analysis, we can see that the two protagonists of the novel are living? Technology / resources? The fierce competition in the three behavioral systems of social relations does not develop in isolation. They merge and adulterate each other, forming a series of contradictions that are difficult to reconcile; secondly, We cannot ignore the concern about the changes in objective circumstances and personal psychology, and the impact of their interactions on individual behavior; at the same time, we have discovered the real existence of literary biology. It is proved that literature is also one of the effective means for human beings to deal with adaptive problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074
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