對(duì)《了不起的蓋茨比》的生態(tài)主義解析
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-27 02:02
本文選題:《了不起的蓋茨比》 + 生態(tài)批評(píng)。 參考:《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:《了不起的蓋茨比》是弗朗西斯.菲茨杰拉德最經(jīng)典的作品之一,是美國(guó)二十年代爵士時(shí)代的一個(gè)偉大的歷史寓言,講述了小說(shuō)里的各個(gè)人物在一戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇背景下,或消沉,或狂歡,或薄情,或多情的種種眾生之態(tài);既是美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的寫照,也對(duì)后世有深刻的警醒作用。主人公蓋茨比在文中對(duì)愛(ài)情的執(zhí)著,努力,追求令人肅然起敬,而其悲慘的結(jié)局也令人傷心不已。對(duì)這篇小說(shuō)的研究可謂汗牛充棟,有從美國(guó)夢(mèng)角度解析的,有從各種象征的角度來(lái)理解的,有從女性主義解釋的,還有從其他文學(xué)批評(píng)角度來(lái)進(jìn)行研究的。但是,從生態(tài)批評(píng)角度分析本文的研究相比之下不是相當(dāng)豐富,因此本文嘗試從生態(tài)批評(píng)的角度來(lái)對(duì)這篇小說(shuō)進(jìn)行新的解構(gòu),從一個(gè)相對(duì)較為新穎的視角對(duì)文中人物的動(dòng)機(jī),行為,以及結(jié)局來(lái)重新進(jìn)行解構(gòu)。 本文主要采用生態(tài)批評(píng)從三個(gè)角度進(jìn)行分析:第一個(gè)角度描述人類中心主義對(duì)自然環(huán)境與社會(huì)環(huán)境的破壞,以及環(huán)境對(duì)人物的反饋與影響;第二個(gè)角度分析人類中心主義引起的人與人之間的不和諧關(guān)系,以及其對(duì)人物的影響;第三角度是研究私欲膨脹引起的心理生態(tài)的失衡,以及其對(duì)人物命運(yùn)的導(dǎo)向。從新的角度對(duì)經(jīng)典小說(shuō)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu),不僅對(duì)豐富了對(duì)于小說(shuō)的理解,而且對(duì)批評(píng)方法的改進(jìn)與補(bǔ)充也有很大的幫助。本文主要包括以下七部分。 第一部分簡(jiǎn)要地介紹了作者生平、作品,以及論文的寫作意義。 第二部分是文獻(xiàn)綜述,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了中外生態(tài)批評(píng)近期的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,并回顧了中外學(xué)者對(duì)《了不起的蓋茨比》這部小說(shuō)研究的程度與角度。 第三部分是理論部分,簡(jiǎn)述生態(tài)批評(píng)對(duì)于人類中心主義的批判,,并介紹了批判的三個(gè)角度。論文第四部分至第六部分是論文的主體部分,從三個(gè)角度分別闡釋人類的自私行為所引起的各種失衡對(duì)小說(shuō)中人物產(chǎn)生的不良影響。 第四部分論述受人類中心主義破壞的自然環(huán)境與社會(huì)環(huán)境對(duì)人物的反饋與影響。美國(guó)西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)確實(shí)推動(dòng)了美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)的發(fā)展,為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展打下了良好的基礎(chǔ),與此同時(shí),也開(kāi)拓了美國(guó)的疆域。但是,這種種一切并不能抹殺其對(duì)自然環(huán)境的破壞。由此而來(lái)的生存環(huán)境的惡劣是大自然的報(bào)復(fù),不僅使開(kāi)拓者們苦不堪言,而且使作為其子孫的小說(shuō)主人公也深受其害。一戰(zhàn)是人類私欲膨脹的另一個(gè)社會(huì)產(chǎn)物,也是小說(shuō)主人公一生跌宕起伏的一個(gè)重要導(dǎo)因。 第五部分論述了人物之間的不良關(guān)系對(duì)小說(shuō)人物的影響。不論是不忠的夫妻關(guān)系,還是違反社會(huì)道德的情人關(guān)系,都是人類自私所帶來(lái)的苦果。只顧自己快樂(lè),而不關(guān)心其他人,只會(huì)讓人與人之間的關(guān)系更加緊張。反過(guò)來(lái),人們?cè)诰o張關(guān)系中也永遠(yuǎn)體會(huì)不到真正的快樂(lè)與舒暢。 第六部分指出了心理生態(tài)的失衡對(duì)小說(shuō)人物的影響。人類的欲望是無(wú)窮的,如果不加克制,去追求一些理所不能及的一些虛幻而浮華的愿望,最終只會(huì)讓自己陷入痛苦的深淵。 第七部分總結(jié)了全文,呼吁人類應(yīng)該克服以自己為中心的心理,與自然、同類和諧相處,保持內(nèi)心的平和與淡定,并指出了論文的缺點(diǎn)、局限,以及未來(lái)發(fā)展的方向。
[Abstract]:A great Gatsby is one of the most classical works of the Jazz Age in the 1920s , which tells the characters of the novel in the context of a post - war American economic recovery , or a depression , or a carnival , or a feeling of emotion , or emotions ;
From the perspective of ecological criticism , this paper attempts to deconstruct the novel from the perspective of ecological criticism , from a relatively new perspective to the motivation , behavior , and outcome of the characters .
This paper mainly uses ecological criticism to analyze from three angles : the first angle describes the damage of human centralism to natural environment and social environment , and the feedback and influence of the environment on the characters ;
The second point is to analyze the inharmonious relationship between man and man , as well as its influence on people .
The third angle is to study the imbalance of the psychological ecology caused by the private expansion , and its orientation to the fate of the characters . The structure of the classic novel from the new angle not only enriches the understanding of the novel , but also has great help to the improvement and supplement of the criticism method . This paper mainly includes the following seven parts .
The first part briefly introduces the author ' s life - level , the works , and the writing significance of the paper .
The second part is a review of the literature review , briefly introduces the recent development of ecological criticism at home and abroad , and reviews the degree and angle of Chinese and foreign scholars ' research on the novel Gatsby ' s novel .
The third part is the theoretical part , briefly expounds the criticism of ecological criticism on human centralism , and introduces the three angles of criticism . The fourth part to the sixth part of the thesis are the main part of the thesis , which explains the negative effects of the imbalance on the characters in the novel from three angles .
The fourth part discusses the feedback and influence of the natural environment and the social environment which are damaged by the human centralism . The American movement does push the development of American agriculture and industry , which lays a good foundation for the development of American economy .
The fifth part discusses the influence of the bad relationship between the characters on the characters of the novel . Whether it is not loyal to the husband and wife , or the relationship between the lovers of the social morality , it is the bitter fruit of the selfishness .
The sixth part points out the influence of the imbalance of the psychological ecology on the characters of the novel . The human desire is infinite , and if we don ' t exercise restraint and pursue some of the imaginary and floating aspirations that some reason cannot and can not be , it will only put oneself in the abyss of pain .
The seventh part summarizes the whole text , and calls upon mankind to overcome the psychological , natural and homogeneous harmony with oneself as the center , keep the inner peace and light , and point out the shortcomings , limitations and the direction of future development .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:I712.074
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