本文選題：生態(tài)女性主義　切入點：父權制　出處：《長沙理工大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：多麗絲·萊辛（1919-），作為戰(zhàn)后英國文壇杰出女性作家，以其多變的文學視角和豐富的創(chuàng)作成果享譽世界文壇。她在其近六十年的文學創(chuàng)作生涯中創(chuàng)作了大量題材、風格各異的作品，共計有數(shù)十部長篇小說、七十多部短片小說、兩部劇本、一本詩集、多本論文集和回憶錄。她的作品幾乎涵蓋了二十世紀重大思想問題，包括殖民主義、種族主義、女性主義、神秘主義等；其作品基本的主題是政治和婦女的命運。她早期的作品具有高度自傳性質(zhì)，大多取材于其在非洲的親身經(jīng)歷。 1950年出版的《青草在歌唱》是萊辛的處女作，一經(jīng)問世便引起了很大的反響。小說以十九世紀中期殖民地統(tǒng)治之下的非洲為背景，展現(xiàn)了南非大陸所遭受的破壞性開發(fā)；同時，作品描敘了在種族歧視、性別歧視以及弱肉強食的競爭規(guī)律下，黑人和婦女的悲慘命運。 論文試圖從生態(tài)女性主義的角度對這部作品進行闡釋，從而來揭示出小說中的生態(tài)意識、女性主義意識，即作者對人類與自然、男性與女性以及種族等一系列問題的深刻思考。論文將從四個部分進行論證。 引言部分將介紹萊辛的生平和主要作品；同時，將介紹《青草在歌唱》故事梗概、國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)行研究狀況以及文章的框架。 第一章，鑒于生態(tài)女性主義是一門在二十世紀中期興起的理論，論文第一章將對這一理論進行介紹，即介紹生態(tài)女性主義主要流派、主要思想以及生態(tài)文學批評。生態(tài)女性主義主要有自由生態(tài)女性主義、文化生態(tài)女性主義、精神生態(tài)女性主義、社會生態(tài)女性主義以及社會主義生態(tài)女性主義等。生態(tài)女性主義認為地球上的生命是一個相互聯(lián)系的網(wǎng)，強調(diào)女性和自然的聯(lián)系；并且生態(tài)女性主義將將生態(tài)學與女性主義結(jié)合在一起，將“自然歧視”與“性別歧視”以及“種族歧視”聯(lián)系起來，歸結(jié)于二元制下的父權制度。生態(tài)女性主義文學批評以生態(tài)女性主義的價值標準從自然和女性的雙重視角來研究文學與自然、女性的關系。 第二章，主要分析《青草在歌唱》中對自然的掠奪，白人殖民者從自我利益出發(fā)，試圖征服自然。他們肆無忌憚的開發(fā)、過度開墾和向自然貪婪索取行為嚴重破壞了生態(tài)平衡。生態(tài)女性主義尊崇生態(tài)中心主義世界觀、尊敬自然和自然界所有生命，指出男性父權制世界觀是人類踐踏自然的根源。小說中，以迪克和查克為代表的白人殖民者懷著極大的征服欲，在利益的驅(qū)動下開發(fā)和破壞自然，使當?shù)氐淖匀簧鷳B(tài)平和嚴重失調(diào);同時，以瑪麗為代表的白人女性漠視并敵視自然，最終受到自然的懲罰。 第三章，探討《青草在歌唱》中不平等的男女關系。一方面，以瑪麗為代表的女性極力擺脫束縛；另一方面，在男性心中，女性被看作男性傳宗接代的工具，是男性的附屬物并天生低賤受男性的支配。生態(tài)女性主義反對男權壓迫與支配、尋求解放女性之路；男人與女人應當視為一個個相互聯(lián)系的節(jié)點，彼此之間不存在任何高低貴賤之分。 第四章，闡述《青草在歌唱》中不同種族之間的不平等關系。生態(tài)女性主義指出男性父權制不僅是人類踐踏自然、男性欺凌女性的根源，同時也是種族歧視的根源。 基于以上三個部分的解析和闡述，，我們可以得出一個結(jié)論----在男性父權制思想統(tǒng)治下的南非社會，為了滿足肉體舒適和精神愉悅，人類肆意地開發(fā)和掠奪自然，使得自然生態(tài)失去平衡；人類在破壞自己生存家園同時也使得精神日益失衡。英國殖民者在南非的悲慘結(jié)局給世人以思考，給當下人類一場精神文化的洗禮，促進我們反思人類惡劣干涉自然帶來的后果，激勵我們要努力建立一個萬物共生、人與自然和諧、人與人和諧的生態(tài)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessing ( 1919 - ) , as an outstanding female writer in the post - war English literary world , has created a great variety of themes and various works in her literary creation career for nearly 60 years , including dozens of novel novels , more than 70 short - film novels , two plays , a book of poems , and a multi - text collection and recalling . Her works almost covered the major ideological problems of the twentieth century , including colonialism , racism , feminism , mystics , etc .
The basic theme of his work is the fate of politics and women . Her early works have a high self - transmission nature , mostly from their own experiences in Africa .
In 1950 , bluegrass , published in 1950 , was the virgin of Lessing , which had caused a great deal of repercussions . The novel , based on Africa under colonial rule in the mid - nineteenth century , demonstrated the destructive development of the continent of South Africa ;
At the same time , the work describes the tragic fate of blacks and women in the context of racial discrimination , gender discrimination and the competition law of the jungle .
This paper attempts to interpret the works from the perspective of ecological feminism , thus revealing the ecological consciousness and feminist consciousness in the novel , that is , the author ' s deep thinking about the series of problems such as human and nature , male and female , and race .
The introduction part will introduce Leixin ' s life and main works ;
At the same time , the present research situation and the frame of the article are introduced in this paper .
In the first chapter , in view of the theory of ecological feminism as an emerging theory in the middle of the 20th century , the first chapter introduces the main schools of ecological feminism , the main thought and the ecological literary criticism . The ecological feminism mainly includes the free ecological feminism , the cultural ecology feminism , the spiritual ecology feminism , the social ecology feminism and the socialist ecological feminism .
The ecological feminism combines ecology with feminism to link " natural discrimination " with " gender discrimination " and " racial discrimination " . It is attributed to patriarchal system under the binary system . The ecological feminism literary criticism studies the relationship between literature and nature and women from the dual visual angle of natural and female .
In the second chapter , the author mainly analyzes the plunder of natural resources in the singing contest , and the white colonizers attempt to conquer nature from the self - interest . The ecological feminism respects the world outlook of ecological centralism , respects the world outlook of ecological centralism , and points out that male patriarchy is the root cause of human abuses . In the novel , the white women , represented by Dick and Chuck , are the root causes of human abuses . In the novel , the white women , represented by Dick and Chuck , have great conquest . At the same time , the white women represented by Mary are indifferent and hostile to nature , and finally punished by nature .
In the third chapter , the relationship between women and men is discussed . On the one hand , the women represented by Mary are trying to get rid of the shackles .
On the other hand , in men ' s mind , women are regarded as a tool of male patrilineal descent , which is a male appendage and is born low and low to be dominated by men . Eco - feminism is opposed to the oppression and domination of men ' s rights and seeks to liberate women ;
Men and women should be regarded as a interconnected node , and there is no distinction between men and women .
The fourth chapter explains the unequal relationship between different races in the singing contest . Eco - feminism points out that male patriarchy is not only the root cause of man ' s abuse of nature , but also the root cause of racial discrimination .
Based on the analysis and elaboration of the above three parts , we can draw a conclusion that the South African society under the rule of male patriarchy , in order to satisfy the physical comfort and spiritual pleasure , the human wanton development and looting nature , make the natural ecology lose balance ;
The tragic outcome of British colonizers in South Africa has given the world a reflection of the tragic outcome of the British colonizers in South Africa , which prompts us to reflect on the consequences of human bad interference and to inspire us to establish a harmonious environment of intergrowth , harmony between human beings and nature , and harmonious human and human beings .

【學位授予單位】：長沙理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074

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