本文選題：模糊語言　切入點：聯(lián)想語義　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：模糊性是自然語言的重要特征。在人們的日常交流和文學(xué)作品中模糊語言都有廣泛的使用。其概念一經(jīng)提出,便吸引了學(xué)者們的注意,在很長一段時間內(nèi)它都是語言學(xué)研究的焦點。早期研究大都局限于對于這種現(xiàn)象的起源,定義,分類等的探討。隨著整個理論體系的發(fā)展,逐漸有越來越多的學(xué)者將模糊語言學(xué)的理論與語言研究的其他領(lǐng)域如翻譯,教學(xué),詞典編纂,和人工智能等相聯(lián)系。模糊語言理論在分析其他語言學(xué)領(lǐng)域問題時的重要性正在凸顯。然而,相關(guān)研究還遠遠不夠。 雖然之前的探討為進一步的研究打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ),作者卻發(fā)現(xiàn),學(xué)者們的大部分見解仍然側(cè)重于理論層面的分析。一些學(xué)者確實注意到了模糊語言的實際價值。但是他們的研究對象往往是語用而忽略了語義的應(yīng)用價值。在聯(lián)系文學(xué)作品時,又大都集中于翻譯技巧的推敲,比如如何將模糊性的美感從一種語言傳遞到另一種語言中去。所以本文將結(jié)合文學(xué)作品《傲慢與偏見》從新的視角來較為全面得研究模糊語言的實際價值。 文學(xué)是語言的藝術(shù)。文學(xué)作品的語言表達往往含義豐富,風(fēng)格鮮明。簡奧斯汀的小說《傲慢與偏見》便是其中的杰出代表。小說展現(xiàn)了英國18世紀中產(chǎn)階級平常生活的畫卷,它的主題是愛情和婚姻。受到主題的局限,小說情節(jié)發(fā)展主要依靠對話來展開。大量的人物對話不僅有力地推動了情節(jié)的發(fā)展,更塑造了生動逼真的人物形象。其幽默諷刺的語言風(fēng)格使小說詼諧有趣引人入勝。在這其中,模糊語言的巧妙運用發(fā)揮了重要的作用。 本文在語言學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo)下,致力于將模糊語言運用與文學(xué)作品的賞析相結(jié)合來討論模糊語言的實際使用價值。文章選取了簡奧斯汀在描述小說中幾個主要人物時的用詞和對話,試圖從語義模糊和語用模糊這兩個角度同時來分析例子中涉及到的模糊表達,包括單詞,短語和句子等和人物性格的關(guān)系,以此來解釋模糊語言是如何被用來刻畫人物形象以及讀者可以如何利用模糊表達的不確定性和言外之意來看清人物內(nèi)心活動,更加了解人物性格特征。 通過舉例說明,作者使用了定性的方法完成了研究假設(shè),在相關(guān)語言學(xué)理論的指導(dǎo)下,證明模糊語言學(xué)的理論是可以運用于文學(xué)研究的,并且對于模糊語言的深刻理解將有利于我們對于文學(xué)作品做出更加全面科學(xué)的解讀。 在分析語義模糊時,本文借用了利奇對于聯(lián)想語義的五種劃分方法來弄清模糊語言以怎樣的方式影響了表達。聯(lián)想語義包括內(nèi)涵意義,情感意義,反映意義,社會意義和搭配意義。聯(lián)想意義的存在反映了詞匯在不同的語境中,擁有不同的意義,從而產(chǎn)生了詞義的不確定性,也就是模糊性。這里所說的語境既包括宏觀的時代背景也包括具體事件。從小說中適用的語義可以看出模糊語言對人物個性的表現(xiàn)。在語用模糊分析中,作者在一系列語用原則的指導(dǎo)下,發(fā)現(xiàn)由于打破了合作原則,人物對話產(chǎn)生了特殊的會話含義。而對于特殊會話含義的不同理解正是語用模糊的產(chǎn)生原因和表現(xiàn)形式。再結(jié)合面子理論,會話含義得以正確的解釋,說話者的真實動機也被給予了詳細的分析。作者用模糊語言揭示了人物的真實意圖,并以此總結(jié)出他們的性格特征。 本文創(chuàng)造性地將模糊語言學(xué)理論應(yīng)用到賞析文學(xué)作品的過程中。不僅用動態(tài)的視角看待語用模糊,而且將語義也視為一個靈活變化的范疇,對語境變化產(chǎn)生的不同語義進行了詳細分析。作者充分認識到語境變遷是模糊性產(chǎn)生的重要因素。語言的模糊則反映了人物的微妙的心理狀態(tài)。模糊語言能夠超越意義確切的詞匯或者語句,更好地傳遞出話語的言外之意。這是本文中所體現(xiàn)的模糊語言的實際應(yīng)用價值。 全文共分五個部分。文章首先簡要介紹了本研究的背景,意義和行文結(jié)構(gòu)。然后在第二章回顧了國內(nèi)外模糊語言學(xué)的研究現(xiàn)狀。文獻綜述包括兩方面的內(nèi)容：國內(nèi)外語義模糊的研究以及國內(nèi)外語用模糊的研究。作者根據(jù)研究內(nèi)容做了一定的歸納和總結(jié)。三四兩章都是文章中重要的部分。在這兩章中,作者表達了對于模糊語言所起作用的看法并舉例證明了自己的觀點。最后一章為結(jié)論部分,作者總結(jié)全文指出論文的不足并提出相應(yīng)的建議。 本文一方面驗證了利用模糊語言分析小說中人物性格的可行性和有效性,另一方面也為今后的模糊語言研究提供了新的可能的發(fā)展方向。將模糊語言和其他領(lǐng)域的研究相結(jié)合,把焦點從對其理論價值的考慮轉(zhuǎn)移到對其實用價值的分析中去,始終以變化發(fā)展的眼光結(jié)合具體的上下文來考慮模糊語言的使用,這會使得我們對于模糊語言和相關(guān)的領(lǐng)域的研究都會更加深刻合理。作者希望本文的結(jié)論可以對今后語言學(xué)或者其他領(lǐng)域的研究有所裨益。
[Abstract]:Fuzziness is an important characteristic of natural language. Vague language in people's daily communication and literary works have been widely used. The concept was put forward, it attracted the attention of scholars, in a very long period of time it is the focus of linguistic research. The origin, early studies are mostly confined to the the phenomenon of definition, classification discussion and so on. With the development of the whole theoretical system, gradually more and more scholars in other fields of fuzzy linguistics theory and language research such as translation, teaching, lexicography, and artificial intelligence are related. The importance of fuzzy language theory in the analysis of other linguistic fields is prominent. However, whathasbeendoneisfarfromenough.
The solid foundation of the study although prior for further research, the author found that most scholars still view analysis focused on the theoretical level. Some scholars did notice the practical value of fuzzy language. But their research objects are often pragmatic and ignore the application semantics. In literary works when it is mostly concentrated in the scrutiny of translation skills, such as how to fuzzy beauty transfer from one language to another language. So this paper will combine the actual value of literary works "Pride and Prejudice" from a new perspective to the study of vague language is more comprehensive.
Literature is the art of language. The language of literary works often express rich meaning and distinctive style. Jane Austen's novel "Pride and Prejudice" is one of the outstanding representatives. The novel shows the eighteenth Century British middle-class ordinary life picture, it is the theme of love and marriage. Restrictedbysuchtopic, plot development mainly rely on dialogues. A dialogue is not only a powerful impetus to the development of the plot, shaping more vivid characters. The humorous language style of the novel humorous fascinating. In this one, the clever use of fuzzy language has played an important role.
In this paper, under the guidance of the theory of linguistics, is committed to the appreciation of the use of vague language and literary works combined to discuss the practical value of fuzzy language. The paper selected in the description of the main characters in the novel when the words and dialogue Jan Austin, trying to blur the two from the perspective of semantic fuzziness and pragmatic analysis also includes words fuzzy involves the expression of examples, relationship between phrases and sentences and character, in order to explain how vague language was used to describe the characters and the reader can how to use fuzzy expression of uncertainty and Implication to see characters'inner activities, know more about the character.
Through some examples, the author uses the qualitative method to complete the research hypothesis, the related linguistic theory, proves the theory of fuzzy linguistics can be applied to the study of literature, and for the deep understanding of vague language will help us make a more comprehensive and scientific interpretation for literary works.
In the analysis of semantic fuzziness, the thesis adopts leech five approaches for Lenovo to find semantic division of fuzzy language how to affect the expression. The associative meaning includes connotative meaning, affective meaning, reflect the meaning, social meaning and collocation meaning. The existence of associative meaning reflects the vocabulary in different contexts have different meaning, resulting in the meaning of uncertainty is fuzzy. The contexts mentioned here include the macro background of the times as well as specific events. For semantic from the novel can be seen on the character of fuzzy language performance. In the analysis of pragmatic vagueness, the author guide in a series of pragmatic principles, found because of breaking the cooperative principle, conversational implicature occurs. Different understandings of conversational implicature is the cause and form of pragmatic vagueness. Combined with face theory, conversational implicature can be correctly interpreted, and the speaker's real motivation is also given a detailed analysis. The author reveals the real intentions of the characters in vague language and sums up their personality characteristics.
This paper creatively applies the theory of fuzzy language to the appreciation of literary works. Not only with the dynamic perspective of pragmatic vagueness, and semantics as a flexible category, different semantic context was studied in detail. The authors are fully aware of the context change is an important factor of the fuzzy. The fuzzy language shows the characters'dedicate psychological state. The exact meaning of vague language can go beyond words or sentences, to better convey discourse implication. This is reflected in the fuzzy language in practical application.
This paper is divided into five parts. This paper first introduces the research background, significance and structure of this paper. Then in the second chapter reviews the research status of fuzzy linguistics. Literature review includes two aspects: the domestic and foreign studies on Semantic Fuzziness and domestic research on fuzzy language. According to the research contents do some induction and the summary. The 342 chapter is the important part of the article. In the two chapter, the author expresses the fuzzy language role view and illustrates that their point of view. The last chapter is the conclusion part, the author summarizes the problems and puts forward corresponding suggestions.
On the one hand to verify the feasibility of using fuzzy language to analyze the characters in the novel and effective, but also provides a new possible development direction for the study of fuzzy language in the future. The study of fuzzy language and other areas of the combination of focus from the theoretical value of the consideration transferred to the analysis of the practical value to change the vision of development has always been to a specific context to consider the use of fuzzy language, which will allow us to study the fuzzy language and related fields will be more reasonable and profound. The author hopes that the conclusion of this paper can be beneficial to the research in linguistics or other fields.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I561.074

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