本文選題：生態(tài)整體主義　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)批評　出處：《河北科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為一部蘊(yùn)含生態(tài)意識的文本,美國當(dāng)代印第安女作家路易斯·厄德里奇的小說《痕跡》按時間順序描繪了生活在北達(dá)科他州的齊佩瓦族印第安人在白人到來之后的生活。本文運(yùn)用生態(tài)批評理論以生態(tài)整體觀為切入點(diǎn),圍繞小說的土地和文化兩個主題,重點(diǎn)分析了傳統(tǒng)印第安人與被白人同化了的印第安人對自然的不同態(tài)度及對其生活所產(chǎn)生的影響,以喚起人們對人與自然關(guān)系問題的思考與重視。 論文首先陳述了本文的研究基礎(chǔ),對《痕跡》的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了回顧,并對生態(tài)整體主義理論及生態(tài)批評進(jìn)行了白描式的介紹,涵蓋了生態(tài)整體主義的核心思想、判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及生態(tài)整體主義思想的兩大重要理論：利奧波德的土地倫理與羅爾斯頓的自然價值論、生態(tài)批評與生態(tài)整體主義的關(guān)系、生態(tài)批評在文學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,并闡明了運(yùn)用此理論分析小說的合理性以及本文的研究目的和意義。其次,本文圍繞小說的兩個主題分別研究了傳統(tǒng)印第安人與被同化的印第安人對自然的不同態(tài)度。對芙樂和那那普什來說,土地是人類的家園,土地上的其他自然實(shí)體是人類的親族。他們將自然作為印第安文化的標(biāo)志。大自然既是印第安文化的象征,也是印第安人宗教信仰所崇拜的對象。然而,被白人同化了的寶蘭等人在土地政策和基督教的影響下逐漸萌生了反生態(tài)思想,土地不再是他們的家園,而是謀取經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的工具；自然也不再是他們敬畏和崇拜的對象。在這種反生態(tài)意識的作用下,印第安人在物質(zhì)生活、精神生活以及人際關(guān)系上都出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的問題。再次,本文對傳統(tǒng)印第安人對維護(hù)人與自然的整體關(guān)系所做的努力進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的分析。在芙樂與那那普什等人意識到被同化的族人的反生態(tài)意識給部落帶來的災(zāi)難之后,他們更加堅定了自己對土地母親的熱愛和對本族文化的信仰,只有維護(hù)原有的生態(tài)意識,與大自然和諧相處,才能使印第安人最終獲得平靜與安寧。 本文最后得出結(jié)論,通過展現(xiàn)《痕跡》中印第安人與大自然的關(guān)系,路易斯·厄德里奇強(qiáng)調(diào)了一個不爭的事實(shí),人類只是大自然的一部分,無論是人類本身還是人類社會所創(chuàng)造的文化都依靠自然而存在。在生態(tài)危機(jī)日益嚴(yán)重的今天,運(yùn)用生態(tài)整體主義理論解讀《痕跡》對提倡人類重新思考人與大自然關(guān)系,喚醒人類的生態(tài)意識具有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:As a text with ecological consciousness, The novel "traces" by Louise Erdridge, a contemporary American Indian writer, depicts in chronological order the life of the Kipewa Indians living in North Dakota after the arrival of the white people. This paper applies ecological criticism. On the view of ecology as a whole, Focusing on the land and culture themes of the novel, this paper focuses on the analysis of the different attitudes towards nature and the impact on their lives of the traditional Indians and the white assimilated Indians. In order to arouse people's thinking and attention to the relationship between man and nature. The paper first states the research basis of this paper, reviews the research status quo of "trace", and introduces the ecological holism theory and ecological criticism in a descriptive way, which covers the core ideas of ecological holism. Judgment criteria and two important theories of ecological holism: Leopold's land ethics and Rolston's natural value theory, the relationship between ecological criticism and ecological holism, the development and application of ecological criticism in the field of literary research. It also illustrates the rationality of this theory and the purpose and significance of this paper. Secondly, This paper studies the different attitudes towards nature between traditional Indians and assimilated Indians around the two themes of the novel. For Flo and Nanapush, land is the home of human beings. Other natural entities on the land are relatives of human beings. They regard nature as a symbol of Indian culture. Nature is both a symbol of Indian culture and an object of worship by Indian religious beliefs. Under the influence of land policy and Christianity, Baolan et al., who were assimilated by white people, gradually developed anti-ecological thought. Land is no longer their home, but a tool for seeking economic benefits. Nature is no longer the object of their awe and worship. Under this anti-ecological consciousness, the Indians have serious problems in material life, spiritual life and interpersonal relations. Again, This paper makes a detailed analysis of the efforts made by the traditional Indians to preserve the overall relationship between man and nature. After Flo and Napusch realized the disaster brought to the tribe by the anti-ecological consciousness of the assimilated people, They strengthened their love for the land mother and their belief in their own culture. Only by maintaining the original ecological consciousness and living in harmony with nature could the Indians finally gain peace and tranquility. Finally, this paper concludes that by showing the relationship between Indians and nature in "traces", Louis Erdrich emphasizes the indisputable fact that man is only a part of nature. Both human beings and the culture created by human society depend on nature. Today, when the ecological crisis is increasingly serious, we use the theory of ecological holism to interpret "traces" to advocate human beings to rethink the relationship between human beings and nature. It is of great practical significance to awaken the ecological consciousness of human beings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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