本文選題：《湯姆叔叔的小屋》　切入點：種族歧視語　出處：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在社會語言學(xué)和語用學(xué)研究中，人們一直專注于禮貌現(xiàn)象的研究，而鮮有關(guān)于不禮貌現(xiàn)象的探討，同時人們也普遍認為不禮貌語言僅會帶來負面的影響。近年來，越來越多的研究表明，不禮貌現(xiàn)象同樣廣泛存在于日常交際中，禮貌與不禮貌實際上是一個問題的兩個方面，不禮貌現(xiàn)象也同樣具有重要的研究價值，在某些語境中甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生積極的效果。一般說來，不禮貌現(xiàn)象包括不禮貌行為與不禮貌語言，本文側(cè)重于不禮貌語言現(xiàn)象的研究，即不禮貌程度較高的種族歧視語，旨在揭示種族歧視語在某些語境的作用下所產(chǎn)生的積極效果。 由于各異的出發(fā)點與側(cè)重點，學(xué)者們對概括該類語言現(xiàn)象的專業(yè)術(shù)語與定義并未達成一致。筆者結(jié)合本論文的研究對象與研究重點，確定“種族歧視語”為概括本論文所探討的不禮貌語言現(xiàn)象的專業(yè)術(shù)語，并對其進行了界定；選擇小說《湯姆叔叔小屋》為種族歧視語研究的語料。受塞爾對言語行為分類的啟發(fā)，筆者將該小說中的種族歧視語分為陳述類，指令類，威脅類和表達類四類。結(jié)合權(quán)勢關(guān)系與語境理論，分析該語言現(xiàn)象所反映的語言特點（粗口性，直接性，民族典型化）并探討在某些語境中，種族歧視語對說話者，聽話者以及小說本身所產(chǎn)生的積極效果。 大量例證表明，依據(jù)種族歧視語的分類，我們可知種族歧視語包括的內(nèi)容與其獨特的表達方式；對小說中該語言現(xiàn)象的特點的描述反映了其不禮貌的程度；而正是這種不禮貌程度越強的語言在某些語境的作用下，對小說中的人物與小說產(chǎn)生了積極的效果。對于說話者，它可以昭示情感，，渲泄情緒；對于聽話者，它可以確認身份，激發(fā)非預(yù)期取效；對于小說本身，它也起著激化矛盾，彰顯人物形象等積極影響。通過本文的研究，我們可以得出結(jié)論：種族歧視語作為一種不禮貌的語言，在特定語境的作用下，也可以產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
[Abstract]:In the study of sociolinguistics and pragmatics, people have been focusing on politeness, but there is little discussion on the phenomenon of impoliteness, and it is generally believed that impolite language has only a negative effect in recent years. More and more studies show that the phenomenon of impoliteness is also widespread in daily communication, politeness and impoliteness are actually two aspects of the same problem, and the phenomenon of impoliteness also has important research value. Generally speaking, the phenomenon of impoliteness includes impolite behavior and impolite language. This paper focuses on the study of the phenomenon of impoliteness, that is, racial discrimination with high degree of impoliteness. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the positive effects of racial discrimination in certain contexts. Because of the different starting points and emphases, the scholars have not reached a consensus on the technical terms and definitions of this kind of linguistic phenomena. To define "racial discrimination" as the technical term for the phenomenon of impolite language discussed in this paper, and to define it; The author chooses Uncle Tom's Cabin as the corpus for the study of racial discrimination. Inspired by Searle's classification of speech acts, the author classifies racial discrimination in the novel into two categories: declarative, directive, and so on. Combined with the theory of power relation and context, this paper analyzes the linguistic characteristics (coarse, direct, national typicalization) reflected by the language phenomenon, and discusses the racial discrimination against the speaker in some contexts. The positive effects of the hearer and the novel itself. A large number of examples show that according to the classification of racial discrimination, we know that racial discrimination includes the content and its unique expression, the description of the characteristics of the language phenomenon in the novel reflects the degree of impoliteness. It is the language with more impoliteness that has a positive effect on the characters and novels in the novel under the influence of some context. For the speaker, it can show the emotion and release the emotion; for the listener, it can confirm the identity. For the novel itself, it also plays a positive role in sharpening the contradiction and showing the image of the characters. Through the study of this paper, we can draw a conclusion that racial discrimination is an impolite language. Under the influence of specific context, it can also have a positive effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074;H313

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