本文關(guān)鍵詞： 評價理論 態(tài)度 級差 介入 情感變化　出處：《山西師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：塞林格的小說《麥田里的守望者》是美國二十世紀最著名的小說之一。自從1951年發(fā)表以來，該小說受到評論界的極大關(guān)注。學者們紛紛撰文發(fā)表自己的觀點，褒貶不一，眾說紛紜。該小說在美國一直被認為是最受喜愛的小說之一，也是被禁止次數(shù)最多的小說之一。霍爾頓經(jīng)常被看作是美國文學中經(jīng)典的青少年形象。這篇論文借用評價理論從語言學視角研究了霍爾頓的情感發(fā)展變化。從某種意義上講，，運用評價理論來分析極其有爭議的小說《麥田里的守望者》的研究是比較新穎的。本研究不僅可以為欣賞該小說提供一個獨特的視角,還給語言教學和文學教學帶來一定的啟示。 本論文首先介紹了作者情況和小說的大致情節(jié)，并回顧了國內(nèi)外對該小說的研究動態(tài)；然后，節(jié)選出小說中霍爾頓經(jīng)歷過的重要事件，在評價理論的框架內(nèi)從態(tài)度、級差和介入三方面對霍爾頓的情感變化展開詳細分析。 經(jīng)過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，霍爾頓的情感變化有如下幾個特征：首先，在三天的游逛中，霍爾頓一直被性和死亡的問題所困擾，因而也一直處于痛苦、沮喪、焦慮不安之中。其次，寂寞既是霍爾頓痛苦的根源，又是一種驅(qū)動力。霍爾頓每次總是近乎瘋狂的尋找與人交往的機會，可到最后又笨拙地毀掉這些機會，從而使他的心情變得一次比一次糟糕，由憤懣到沮喪痛苦再到絕望。第三，幻想是醫(yī)治霍爾頓心情沮喪和絕望的良方。最終幻想破滅時，霍爾頓的情感無處寄托，精神徹底崩潰。 研究的第二個方面是分析小說中各種評價資源的的不同實現(xiàn)方式。在態(tài)度系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，霍爾頓更喜歡使用情感和判斷資源，他習慣重復使用一些簡單的形容詞，動詞和一些粗話。在級差系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，霍爾頓大量使用‘It really did’,‘I really mean it’,‘I’m not kidding’等附加短語強調(diào)他所說內(nèi)容的真實性。除了使用強化詞語，小說作者還使用了斜體或部分斜體字來突出強調(diào)說話者的話語含義和情感態(tài)度。介入系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，接納資源和否定資源使用最多。借助接納資源和否定資源霍爾頓明確地表明自己的觀點和看法，并聯(lián)盟可能持有不同觀點、看法的讀者，使他們同意或至少不反對他的觀點，從而讓他們和他產(chǎn)生情感共鳴�？傊�,所有的評價資源通過不同的實現(xiàn)方式相互作用，共同揭示霍爾頓的情感變化。 通過運用評價理論對小說《麥田里的守望者》所做的嘗試性分析，作者希望能夠為欣賞這篇小說以及其他的文學作品提供獨特的閱讀視角。
[Abstract]:Salinger's novel the Catcher in the Rye is one of the most famous American novels of 20th century. Since its publication in 1951, the novel has received great attention from critics. The novel has long been considered one of the most popular in the United States. Holden is often regarded as the classic image of youth in American literature. This paper uses the theory of evaluation to study Holden's emotional development from a linguistic perspective. It is quite novel to analyze the highly controversial novel Catcher in the Rye by using the theory of evaluation. This study can not only provide a unique perspective for appreciating the novel. It also brings some enlightenment to language teaching and literature teaching. This paper first introduces the author's situation and the general plot of the novel, and reviews the research trends of the novel at home and abroad, and then selects the important events that Holden has experienced in the novel, and takes an attitude within the framework of the evaluation theory. Level difference and intervention three aspects of Holden's emotional changes are analyzed in detail. The analysis shows that Holden's emotional changes are characterized by the following: first, during a three-day stroll, Holden has been troubled by the problems of sex and death, and thus has been in pain, depression, anxiety. Loneliness is both a source of pain and a driving force for Holden. Each time Holden is almost frantically looking for opportunities to socialize with others, but in the end he clumsily destroys them, making his mood worse and worse again and again. From anger to frustration to pain to despair. Third, fantasy is the cure for Holden's frustration and despair. When the final disillusionment is disillusioned, Holden's emotions have no place to rely on and his spirit completely collapses. The second aspect of the study is the analysis of the different ways in which resources are evaluated in the novel. In the attitude system, Holden prefers to use emotion and judgment resources, and he is used to reusing simple adjectives. In the differential system, Holden used a lot of additional phrases, such as "I really really" to emphasize the authenticity of what he said. The author of the novel also uses italics or partial italics to highlight the speaker's meaning and emotional attitude. Accepting resources and negating resources are most used. By means of accepting resources and negating resources Holden clearly expresses his views and opinions, and the Union may hold different views, readers of views, so that they agree with or at least do not oppose his views, In short, all evaluation resources interact with each other in different ways to reveal Holden's emotional changes. By applying the theory of evaluation to the tentative analysis of the novel the Catcher in the Rye, the author hopes to provide a unique reading perspective for appreciating the novel and other literary works.
【學位授予單位】：山西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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