發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-26 11:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《白噪音》 法蘭克福學(xué)派 技術(shù)理性 異化　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：唐·德里羅是文學(xué)批評(píng)家廣泛認(rèn)可的美國(guó)后現(xiàn)代杰出的小說(shuō)家。他的作品生動(dòng)地勾勒出了二十世紀(jì)末二十一世紀(jì)初美國(guó)方方面面的生活畫(huà)面。1985年出版的《白噪音》是美國(guó)文學(xué)史上一部最具代表性的后現(xiàn)代小說(shuō)之一。由于《白噪音》的發(fā)表,第二年唐·德里羅便獲得了美國(guó)全國(guó)圖書(shū)獎(jiǎng)。小說(shuō)通過(guò)描寫(xiě)杰克及其一家人的生活,作者生動(dòng)地展示了美國(guó)后現(xiàn)代社會(huì)典型的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生活狀況。小說(shuō)中,現(xiàn)代技術(shù)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)占據(jù)了主人公全部的生活,而且深深地影響著他們。為了揭示技術(shù)理性如何異化人們的生活以及作者如何看待后現(xiàn)代社會(huì),本文將運(yùn)用法蘭克福學(xué)派技術(shù)理性批判理論和異化理論解讀《白噪音》這部小說(shuō)。 眾所周知,法蘭克福學(xué)派在西方馬克思主義中占據(jù)特別重要的地位。自從法蘭克福學(xué)派成立之日起,其社會(huì)批判理論便開(kāi)啟了它的歷史。該理論試圖通過(guò)分析整個(gè)人類(lèi)文化來(lái)揭示人的命運(yùn),然后從哲學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)兩個(gè)角度全面的批判資本主義社會(huì)。法蘭克福學(xué)派的社會(huì)批判理論是從馬克思的異化理論出發(fā)的。他們看來(lái)在二十世紀(jì),異化對(duì)人的束縛與統(tǒng)治已從政治壓迫和經(jīng)濟(jì)剝削轉(zhuǎn)向文化力量。所以,法蘭克福學(xué)派社會(huì)批判理論也可以稱(chēng)為建立在異化理論基礎(chǔ)之上的文化批判理論。然而,在法蘭克福學(xué)派的文化批判理論框架中技術(shù)理性是至關(guān)重要的批判視角。在某種意義上,大眾文化,意識(shí)形態(tài),現(xiàn)代性,現(xiàn)代國(guó)家統(tǒng)治形式等問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),都直接與技術(shù)理性進(jìn)展的后果密切相關(guān)。總而言之,法蘭克福文化批評(píng)理論是技術(shù)理性批評(píng)理論,其基礎(chǔ)是異化理論。技術(shù)理性主義是起源于技術(shù)高速發(fā)達(dá)的后現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的理性思潮。技術(shù)理性認(rèn)為人類(lèi)不僅可以利用理性和科學(xué)完全掌握人類(lèi)社會(huì)的理性結(jié)構(gòu),而且運(yùn)用日新月異的現(xiàn)代技術(shù)去征服整個(gè)大自然。事實(shí)上,科學(xué)技術(shù)及其理性主義為人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)大的動(dòng)力,給人們帶來(lái)了前所未有的豐富的物質(zhì)生活。然而它孕育著內(nèi)在的深刻的文化危機(jī)。以技術(shù)理性為主導(dǎo)的后現(xiàn)代文化開(kāi)始不斷顯露出它的弊端,尤其是兩次世界大戰(zhàn)和原子彈所帶來(lái)的毀滅性災(zāi)難使得人類(lèi)不得不去重新審視這一理性主義的價(jià)值。理性和技術(shù)再也不是人們想象的那樣拯救人類(lèi)的正能量,反而變成邪惡的技術(shù)力量來(lái)滅絕人類(lèi),使人從控制自然的主人淪為受技術(shù)擺布的仆人,而這些都清晰地反應(yīng)在《白噪音》這部小說(shuō)當(dāng)中。 本論文包括六個(gè)部分。第一章作者簡(jiǎn)單地介紹了唐·德里羅和小說(shuō)《白噪音》,并且綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)作家和作品的文學(xué)研究。第二章主要解釋了本文所要運(yùn)用的理論。具體介紹了法蘭克福學(xué)派的發(fā)展歷史和它的文化批判理論包括技術(shù)理性批判和異化理論。第三章描述了小說(shuō)中現(xiàn)代技術(shù)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)占據(jù)了主人公的全部生活,這部分反映了技術(shù)理性發(fā)展的雙重性。技術(shù)理性的最初扮演的角色是救世主,其目的是拯救人類(lèi)脫離神話(huà)和迷信的束縛。但結(jié)果卻令人大失所望,技術(shù)理性不但沒(méi)有解放人類(lèi),反而成為一種全新的異化力量來(lái)統(tǒng)治人類(lèi)。第四章分析了技術(shù)理性對(duì)小說(shuō)人物身心的異化作用包括：在空中毒物事件和飛機(jī)失事當(dāng)中人們受到的生存危機(jī)；杰克夫婦揮之不去的死亡恐懼,現(xiàn)代人的信仰危機(jī)等等。第五章窺見(jiàn)了作者對(duì)后現(xiàn)代人類(lèi)社會(huì)的態(tài)度。小說(shuō)幾處描寫(xiě)了技術(shù)理性的負(fù)面影響來(lái)暗示唐·德里羅對(duì)后現(xiàn)代社會(huì)感到極度的憂(yōu)慮和迷茫。最后一部分總結(jié)了現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)人們生活的影響和技術(shù)理性對(duì)整個(gè)人類(lèi)社會(huì)造成的異化作用。
[Abstract]:Don Delera is a literary critic widely recognized American postmodern novelist. His works vividly sketched out at the end of twentieth Century and early twenty-first Century America in all aspects of life picture published in.1985 < > white noise is one of the modern novels in American literary history one of the most representative of the white noise. After published < >. Second years don Delillo won the National Book Award in fiction. Through the description of Jack and one family life, the author vividly demonstrates the life of modern society, typical middle-class America. In the novel, modern technology products have occupied the hero all the life, but also deeply influenced in order to reveal them. The technical rationality how alienated people's life and how the author view of post-modern society, this paper will use the Frankfurt School of technology rationality criticism theory and the alienation of Science On the "white noise" of the novel.
As everyone knows, the Frankfurt school occupies the important position in the western Marx doctrine. Since the date of the establishment of the Frankfurt school, the theory of social criticism opens up its history. This theory tries to analyze the whole human culture to reveal the destiny of the people, and then learn the two aspects of the critique of capitalist society from the philosophical and social Frankfurt. School of social criticism theory is derived from Marx's theory of alienation. They appear in twentieth Century, bound and rule of human alienation from political oppression and economic exploitation to the cultural power. Therefore, the Frankfurt School of social criticism theory can also be called based on the theory of alienation based theory of cultural criticism. However, in the theoretical framework cultural criticism of the Frankfurt School of technology rationality is a critical perspective essential. In a sense, the mass culture, The problem of modernity, ideology, modern state ruling forms, directly with the progress of the consequences of technological rationality are closely related. In short, Frankfurt cultural criticism theory is the technical rational criticism theory, which is based on the theory of alienation. Technological rationalism is the rational thought originated in the technology of high-speed advanced modern society. The reason of human technology not only can use rational and scientific to fully grasp the rational structure of human society, and the use of modern technology to conquer the nature change rapidly. In fact, science and technology and the rationalism of human society development provides a powerful impetus, brought hitherto unknown rich material life to the people. However, it breeds the profound culture the crisis. On the technical rationality as the leading postmodern culture gradually reveals its disadvantages, especially in the two world War and the atomic bomb caused by the devastating disaster makes the human to re-examine the value of rationalism. Save the positive energy that human rationality and technology is no longer expected, but a technical force of evil to destroy human beings make people become the masters of nature from the control technology at the mercy of the servant. These are clearly reflected in the novel < > white noise.
This thesis consists of six parts. The first chapter, the author briefly introduces Don Delera and the novel "white noise", and summarizes the domestic and foreign scholars on the study of literature writers and works. The second chapter mainly explains the use of the theory. This paper describes the development history of the Frankfurt school and its cultural criticism theory including technical rational criticism and alienation theory. The third chapter describes the modern technology products in the novel have occupied the whole life of the protagonist, this part reflects the dual development of technology rationality. Technological rationality initially play the role of Savior, its purpose is to save human beings from the bondage of myth and superstition. But the result is greatly disappointed, technological rationality not only the liberation of human beings, but has become a new power to rule the human alienation. The fourth chapter analyzes the alienation of technological rationality on the characters of body and mind Effects include: poison in the air crash events and people from the survival crisis; and Mrs. Jack lingering fear of death, modern people's belief crisis and so on. In the fifth chapter, the author of a glimpse of the modern human society. The novel describes the attitude of several negative effects of technology rationality implies that Don Delera felt extremely in the postmodern society worried and confused. The last part summarizes the alienation of modern technology impact on people's lives and technical rationality in the whole human society caused.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1465433