本文關鍵詞： 荒誕 無意義 死亡 狂喜 無意識 自我 解脫　出處：《遼寧師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：局外人最初來自加繆的同名作品《局外人》。這一形象自誕生以來，人們對它的討論便沒有停止過。更多的人樂意將局外人同荒謬、無意義、冷漠、無意識等名詞聯(lián)系在一起，但是很少有人注意到局外人這一擁有特殊精神世界的人物是如何產生的，他們的痛苦因何而來，他們是否能夠得救，他們面臨怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)和任務，他們是否擁有未來，他們的終點在何處？上述問題將構成本文的論說中心。 本文將以《局外人》中的莫爾索和他在精神上的兄弟——《惡心》中的洛根丁為起點，討論局外人對世界荒謬和無意義的體驗以及這種體驗的本質——荒謬與無意義來自人與世界之間關系的喪失。而這樣的體驗則來自于死亡對人的啟示，本文以托爾斯泰等人的文本解釋這種強烈的生命經歷給人帶來的情感、信念和生活上的沖擊。在這種看似讓人絕望的體驗中卻隱藏著一個良機——對生命的重新認識。真正的局外人由這種新的認識而誕生——他們并非冷漠孤立的人，而是已經從世俗生活中或者渴望從世俗生活中脫離的人，，他們要超越死亡，與世界建立全新的關系——人與神的關系。 當局外人踏上探索他們自我的旅程時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們面臨著比在以往生命中遇到的更困難的問題——他們由于某種強烈的精神體驗而領悟到的那種完美的精神世界并非能夠輕易獲得。那需要持久地付出、努力和嘗試，這其中最大的挑戰(zhàn)就是在探索自己內在世界時發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類無意識世界充滿了瘋狂的危險，而要實現(xiàn)他們的目標，這是不可回避的。局外人面對的另一個困難來自于他所生活的環(huán)境，那就是它對人的個性的束縛。本文將結合陀思妥耶夫斯基作品中的人物討論什么是人的自我，它的形成過程以及它給人帶來的痛苦以及局外人為從自我中解脫所付出的汗水。同時也將討論局外人存在的環(huán)境給他們的成長和成熟造成的障礙以及他們如何克服這一障礙。 本文還將討論局外人如何從自我與摩耶中解脫以及解脫后的精神體驗以及不同的局外人選擇的不同的探索途徑。 本文的目的在于將孤立地存在于西方文學中，具有相同或相似精神氣質的形象聯(lián)系起來，使其能夠在一個統(tǒng)一的立場上得到系統(tǒng)的觀照，同時試圖為看似個別的人物和精神現(xiàn)象尋找具有更深層意義的解釋。這個立場就是，所謂的局外人并非是一個新的和孤立的形象，他有自我特殊的心理歷程和精神訴求，他本不應該被理解為經歷過異化的古怪之人，而是一位尋找更高幸福的探索者。而這個形象的意義在于，他的追求代表著所有人的最高追求，他的痛苦和努力也是所有人必定要經歷的痛苦和努力，局外人對所有人都具有真實的意義，他就是所有人，他們是所有人的未來。
[Abstract]:The outsider originally came from Camus' work of the same name "outsider". This image has not stopped since it was born. More people are willing to treat the outsider as absurd, meaningless and indifferent. Nouns such as unconsciousness are linked, but few people notice how the outsider, a figure with a special spiritual world, is born, where their pain comes from, and whether they can be saved. What challenges and tasks do they face, do they have a future, and where do they end? The above questions will form the center of this thesis. This article will start with Morso in outsider and Loganding in his spiritual brother, "nausea". Discuss the outsider's absurd and meaningless experience of the world and the essence of the experience-absurd and meaningless from the loss of the relationship between man and the world, and such experience comes from the revelation of death to man. In this paper, Tolstoy et al.'s text is used to explain the emotion brought by this kind of strong life experience. The impact of faith and life. In this seemingly desperate experience, there is a good opportunity to rediscover life. True outsiders are born out of this new understanding-- they are not aloof and isolated. . They are those who have been or desire to be separated from worldly life, who must transcend death and establish a new relationship with the world-the relationship between man and God. When outsiders embark on their journey to explore themselves. They find that they face more difficult problems than they have ever had in their lives-- the kind of perfect mental world that they perceive as a result of some kind of intense spiritual experience is not easily available. It takes a lot of time to pay for it. Out. The biggest challenge in trying and trying is to discover that the human unconscious world is full of crazy dangers and to achieve their goals as they explore their inner world. This is unavoidable. Another difficulty faced by an outsider comes from the circumstances in which he lives. This paper will discuss what is the human self combined with the characters in Dostoevsky's works. The process of its formation, the pain it brings and the sweat that outsiders pay to extricate themselves. The obstacles to their growth and maturity caused by the presence of outsiders will also be discussed. Take this obstacle. This article will also discuss how outsiders are liberated from themselves and Moyer and their spiritual experiences after liberation and how different outsiders choose different approaches to exploration. The purpose of this paper is to connect the images with the same or similar spiritual temperament in the western literature so that they can be viewed systematically in a unified position. At the same time, it tries to find deeper explanations for seemingly individual characters and spiritual phenomena. This position is that the so-called outsider is not a new and isolated image. He has his own special psychological process and spiritual appeal, he should not be understood as a strange person who has experienced alienation, but a seeker for higher happiness. The meaning of this image lies in. His pursuit represents the highest pursuit of all, his pain and effort is also the pain and effort of all people must experience, outsiders have real meaning to all, he is all. They are the future of all.
【學位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I0-03;I106.4

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