本文關(guān)鍵詞： 《一千英畝》 女性主義 壓迫 反抗 自我　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文運(yùn)用女性主義理論且重點(diǎn)運(yùn)用女性主義理論家波伏娃作品《第二性》中的女性主義觀點(diǎn)，論述簡·斯邁利的小說《一千英畝》反映出的男權(quán)社會中不平等的兩性關(guān)系，分析父權(quán)制對女性造成的壓抑和束縛以及女性的反抗與覺醒。 簡·斯邁利是美國當(dāng)代著名的女作家,20世紀(jì)80年代以來出版過多部小說。她于1991年出版的長篇小說《一千英畝》，先后獲得普利策文學(xué)獎和美國國家書評人，并引起了評論界的廣泛關(guān)注。在這部小說中，斯邁利用女性第一人稱描述了庫克家族的興衰史。家族中的男性們?yōu)榱俗分鹄妫幌茐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境并且剝奪女性的自由權(quán)利，而他們的瘋狂舉動最終引起自然的報復(fù)和女性的反抗。 由于小說揭示了男性過度開墾土地嚴(yán)重破壞自然界平衡這一主題，因此國內(nèi)外學(xué)者大多從生態(tài)主義角度解讀人與自然的關(guān)系。同時，由于小說以女性第一人稱進(jìn)行敘述，部分學(xué)者從精神分析角度研究了敘述人吉妮的心理狀態(tài)。此外，還有學(xué)者從小說與莎士比亞戲劇《李爾王》的互文關(guān)系、或者從地域文學(xué)和象征手法的運(yùn)用等角度對《一千英畝》進(jìn)行研究。但總體來說，從女性主義視角進(jìn)行的研究尚不多見，評論家對小說中男女性人物不平等關(guān)系尤其是女性覺醒歷程的關(guān)注較少。因此，從女性主義視角對該小說進(jìn)行分析可以彌補(bǔ)這一方面研究的欠缺，有助于豐富對作品刻畫的人物的認(rèn)識，也有助于加深對女性主義理論的理解。 女性主義理論重在研究父權(quán)社會男女不平等的現(xiàn)象。女性主義批評家關(guān)注男權(quán)壓迫帶給女性的傷害。她們呼吁女性勇于反抗男性壓迫，成為有自我意識的獨(dú)立個體從而開拓兩性平等的美好未來。波伏娃作為重要的女性主義理論家，在其作品《第二性》中，詳細(xì)論述了女性在父權(quán)壓制下失去自我的原因和表現(xiàn)。她提出了女性必須獲得獨(dú)立和解放，以結(jié)束父權(quán)時代，建立男女平等的和諧社會。本論文從女性主義理論出發(fā)，結(jié)合波伏娃作品《第二性》中的相關(guān)理論，對簡·斯邁利小說《一千英畝》進(jìn)行女性主義解讀。為彌補(bǔ)前期研究對文中兩性矛盾關(guān)注的欠缺，本論文重點(diǎn)分析男女性人物關(guān)系的變化，研究男性對女性的壓迫和女性反抗并重塑自我的歷程。 本論文由八章組成： 第一章為引言部分。這一部分主要介紹了作者和其小說《一千英畝》的一些基本信息，并介紹了本論文運(yùn)用女性主義理論分析該小說的背景，同時介紹了本論文的研究目的。 第二章為理論基礎(chǔ)。這一部分介紹了女性主義理論的主要觀點(diǎn)，同時概括了女性主義批評家波伏娃的作品《第二性》的主要理論。 第三章為文獻(xiàn)綜述部分。這一部分主要回顧了國內(nèi)外評論界對《一千英畝》的相關(guān)研究。大多數(shù)批評家從生態(tài)批評、精神分析、互文性等角度對該小說進(jìn)行研究，但很少有人從女性主義視角對該作品進(jìn)行解讀。同時，批評家對小說中刻畫的兩性沖突斗爭關(guān)注較少。為彌補(bǔ)這一空白，本論文將從女性主義理論出發(fā)，分析《一千英畝》中男女性人物間的矛盾和關(guān)系變化。 第四至七章為論文主體部分。這一部分主要結(jié)合女性主義理論對小說進(jìn)行分析。 女性主義理論關(guān)注父權(quán)統(tǒng)治的不合理性，因此，第四章分析小說中描述的父權(quán)統(tǒng)治。在《一千英畝》中，故事的發(fā)生地澤布倫縣是一個典型的男權(quán)社會。在這里，男性認(rèn)為自己處于比女性優(yōu)越的地位，他們歧視并壓抑女性。拉里等男性人物把他們的妻子、女兒當(dāng)做私有物品、仆人和繁衍后代的工具。他們用暴力傷害女性的身體；他們剝奪女性自由表達(dá)意見的權(quán)利，壓抑她們的思想；他們反對女性外出工作獨(dú)立生活，并且意圖把她們永遠(yuǎn)困在家里。 同時，女性主義理論還關(guān)注男權(quán)壓迫帶給女性的傷害，因此，第五章分析小說中女性人物的遭遇。在《一千英畝》中，男性的壓迫不僅使女性身體受損害，而且使她們在精神上被動怯懦在經(jīng)濟(jì)上依附于男性。最終，在這種情況下，小說中的女性漸漸失去自我。 為改善女性境況，女性主義理論提出要反抗男權(quán)壓迫，重建自我身份，因此，第六章分析小說中女性人物的覺醒和反抗歷程。出于對男性壓抑的憤怒，小說中吉妮等女性人物決定反擊男性壓迫。在反抗的過程中，她們逐漸找回了身體的力量；她們拒絕男性的思想控制，大膽說出自己的想法，揭露男權(quán)統(tǒng)治的罪惡；她們離開家庭，找到自己喜歡的工作，實(shí)現(xiàn)獨(dú)立自主，在反抗中獲得自由和覺醒，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價值。 最后，女性主義理論認(rèn)為女性的反抗必將結(jié)束男權(quán)統(tǒng)治，實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等，因此，第七章分析女性的反抗如何撼動男性在生產(chǎn)上的絕對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和家庭中的絕對主人的地位，研究女性的反抗如何結(jié)束澤布倫縣的男權(quán)統(tǒng)治，形成男女和諧相處的新局面。 第八章為結(jié)論部分，這一部分總結(jié)全文研究過程及觀點(diǎn)，闡釋了本研究的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，指出存在的不足，并對本研究課題今后的發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the theory of feminism and feminist theorist Beauvior's works focus on the use of secondary < > in the perspective of feminism, gender inequality on Jan Smiley's novel "one thousand acre > reflect the patriarchal society, analysis of patriarchy on women caused by repression and bondage and women's resistance and awakening.
Jan Smiley is a famous contemporary American writer, published many novels since 1980s. In 1991 she published the novel < > one thousand acres, has won the Pulitzer prize and the National Book Critics, and attracted wide attention of critics. In this novel, Smiley describes the rise and fall of Cook family history the first person in the family of women. Men in order to pursue interests at the destruction of the ecological environment and deprived of the freedom of women rights, and their craziness eventually lead to revenge of nature and female resistance.
The novel reveals the male excessive land reclamation serious damage to the theme of the balance of nature, so the relationship between the domestic and foreign scholars are mostly from the ecological perspective of man and nature. At the same time, the story narrated in the first person female, some scholars from the perspective of psychoanalysis narrative jeannic psychological state. In addition, there are scholars from novels and dramas of Shakespeare < > Lear intertextual relationship, or from the geographical literature and symbolism of < > one thousand acres of research. But generally speaking, the research conducted from the perspective of feminism is rare, especially the female awakening critics less attention to male and female characters in the novel is not equal the relationship can be analyzed. Therefore, the lack of remedy to this aspect of the novel from the feminist perspective, is helpful to enrich the works on the portrayal of the character recognition, It also helps to deepen the understanding of feminist theory.
Feminist theory focuses on the inequality between men and women in the patriarchal society. Feminist critics pay attention to the oppression of damage. They appeal to give women the courage to resist the oppression of male female, become self aware individual to develop a better future of sexual equality. Beauvior as an important feminist theorist in the works of "secondary". Discusses the causes and manifestations of women lose themselves in the patriarchal oppression. She made women must obtain independence and liberation, to end the patriarchal era of building a harmonious society, the equality between men and women. This paper from the feminist theory, combined with the theory of Beauvior's works < secondary >, < one thousand acres in Jan Smiley's novels > of feminist interpretation. In order to make up for the previous study on the contradiction between the lack of attention to gender, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the relationship between men and women characters change It studies the history of men's oppression of women and women's resistance and reinventing themselves.
This paper consists of eight chapters:
The first chapter is the introduction. This part mainly introduces some basic information of the author and his novel < one thousand acres >, and introduces the background of this novel by using feminist theory, and introduces the purpose of this paper.
The second chapter is the theoretical basis. This part introduces the main points of feminist theory, and summarizes the main theory of Beauvior's feminist critic.
The third chapter is literature review. This part mainly reviews the related research on "one thousand acres" critics at home and abroad. Most of the critics from the ecological criticism, psychoanalysis, research on the novel perspective of intertextuality, but few people interpret the works from a feminist perspective. At the same time, critics of the novel both sexes described in conflict less attention. To compensate for this gap, this paper from the perspective of feminist theory, analysis of "contradictions and relations between characters and changes of one thousand acres >.
The part four to seven is the main part of the paper. This part mainly combines the feminist theory to analyze the novel.
Feminist theory focuses on Patriarchy unreasonable, therefore, the fourth chapter analysis described in the novel. In one thousand acres of patriarchy < >, story Ze Buren county is a typical patriarchal society. Here, men think they are superior to women's status, their discrimination and suppression of women. Larry and other male characters to their wives and daughters as private goods, servants and reproduction tool. They use violence women's bodies; they deprive women of the right of free expression, suppress their thoughts; they go out to work against women and their intention to live independently, forever trapped in the house.
At the same time, feminist theory also pays attention to the oppression of women bring harm, therefore, the fifth chapter analyzes the female characters in the novel experience. In one thousand acres of < >, male oppression not only makes the female body damage, and make them in the spirit of passive cowardice economically dependent on men. Finally, in this case in the novel, women gradually lost themselves.
In order to improve the situation of women, feminist theory proposes to rebel against the patriarchal oppression, the reconstruction of self identity, therefore, the female characters in the novel the awakening and revolt process analysis. The sixth chapter for male repressed anger in the novel, the female characters such as Jeannie decided to fight back the oppression of male. In the process of resistance, they gradually recovered the body they refused to force; men thought control, speak your mind, to expose the patriarchal evil; they left home to find their own love of work, realize the independent, freedom and awakening in the rebellion, the realization of self value.
Finally, the feminist theory that women will end against patriarchy, realize equality, therefore, the seventh chapter analyzes the absolute master of women's resistance to shake the male in the production of the absolute leader in the family and the status of women's resistance to the end of Ze county Bren patriarchy, the formation of a new situation in the harmony between men and women.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion. This part summarizes the research process and viewpoints of the full text, explains the theoretical and practical significance of this research, points out the shortcomings and prospects the future development of this research topic.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

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