本文關鍵詞：《洪堡的禮物》的敘事藝術分析　出處：《遼寧大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 對照 諷刺 現(xiàn)實主義 現(xiàn)代主義 矛盾

【摘要】：《洪堡的禮物》是美國作家索爾貝婁（1915-2005）最杰出的作品之一。在敘述風格方面，很多評論家把小說的敘述稱作獨白或者自傳。小說自1975年問世以來，在國內(nèi)外文學界引起了廣泛的關注，獲得了1976年的普利策文學獎。同年，索爾貝婁榮獲諾貝爾文學獎，更加奠定了《洪堡的禮物》在索爾貝婁作品中的重要地位。這部小說著重描寫了美國不同時代的兩位作家，詩人洪堡和西特林的命運，并且通過他們不同的遭遇，深刻揭示了物質(zhì)世界對精神文明的摧殘。作品的描述顯示作者對藝術家在科技發(fā)達、物質(zhì)豐富的現(xiàn)代社會的地位問題給予了充分的關注。那么，如何從適當?shù)慕嵌然蚍矫娣治鲞@部作品中的藝術家形象及命運就顯得尤為重要。深入分析作品之后表明運用小說敘事學理論可以實現(xiàn)對藝術家人物的分析并能恰當?shù)慕沂舅麄冊诂F(xiàn)代社會中的地位這一問題。本文從小說敘事學角度來分析該作品，可以幫助讀者更全面了解作品內(nèi)容，更清晰的展現(xiàn)主題。 本文由三部分組成：引言，正文和結論。 引言主要介紹了論文的理論即：小說敘事學理論。此外，還介紹了《洪堡的禮物》的主要內(nèi)容，作者概括以及國內(nèi)外對作者索爾貝婁的研究現(xiàn)狀。 其中，正文包括三章。 第一章分析小說的敘述聲音。在《洪堡的禮物》這部小說中，索爾貝婁主要采用了象征手法和意識流手法為語言增添色彩。這兩種手法的使用讓本來平淡無奇的語言顯得深奧而形象。象征是二十世紀現(xiàn)代主義文學的重要表現(xiàn)手法之一。意識流是文藝作品的內(nèi)容要素之一，即小說中具體描述并且反映主題思想的感性生活和心理現(xiàn)象。在《洪堡的禮物》中，索爾貝婁主要使用了第一人稱的敘述方法，以第一人稱講故事的方法是一種精巧的方法。第一人稱敘述增加了敘事的親歷性，其目的和效果是富于變化的。主人公用自己的話來塑造自我形象。第一人稱有助于讀者直接聽其言，觀其行，了解主人公的內(nèi)心活動，作品顯得自然、真實和親切。采用這種視角，作者有效地避免了直接介入和操縱讀者，從而讓讀者自己去認識主人公。因此，讀者可以直接地跟蹤主人公自我身份的構建過程，跟蹤主人公的思想矛盾、迷茫困惑和性格發(fā)展的心路歷程。但是第一人稱視角的一個顯著缺點是它具有局限性，讀者僅僅能看到主人公視野之內(nèi)的事物，只能隨著主人公來觀察周圍發(fā)生的一切。為了彌補第一人稱視角局限性，索爾貝婁還使用了第三人稱的視角。當敘述人不在現(xiàn)場，第三人稱視角可以幫助讀者認識主人公視角之外的事情。此外，在這部小說中，還出現(xiàn)了一種特殊視角：第二人稱。第二人稱縮短了讀者與敘述者之間的距離，讀者仿佛身臨其境，感同身受，進一步贏得讀者對主人公內(nèi)心痛苦的同情。 第二章討論了此小說的敘述時間。索爾貝婁使用兩種敘述時間進行敘述，一種是物理時間順序，一種是心理時間順序。這個文本的結構是傳統(tǒng)的小說結構，文本敘述形式是按照傳統(tǒng)小說的敘述模式進行，有著清晰的故事線索，并且按照物理時間順序講述故事。小說《洪堡的禮物》在敘事時間的安排上所表現(xiàn)的一個特色就是打亂時序,作品結構呈現(xiàn)出一種內(nèi)在的跳躍性。在時序的安排上，貝婁獨具匠心,并沒有開篇就讓讀者墜入時空的迷霧，體現(xiàn)出時空混亂的漸進性，但讀者完全能根據(jù)文本明確的時間狀語確定故事時間，隱含在西特林的回憶里有另外一條主要線索，是關于西特林和洪堡兩個人在文學道路上成功與失敗的故事。西特林和洪堡兩個人的人生回顧是以支離破碎的片段形式出現(xiàn)在西特林對往事的追憶中，即“往事的往事”之中。這些回憶主要集中在小說前十八章，這些回憶沒有時間順序，僅存在于西特林的潛意識里，表現(xiàn)出他的精神恍惚不定，內(nèi)心焦慮不安。除此之外，貝婁在小說中還穿插了許多零散的小故事，這些故事都是以西特林的回憶形式出現(xiàn)。這種物理與心理時間相結合的敘述風格反映了20世紀文學創(chuàng)作中的一種普遍趨勢———現(xiàn)實主義和現(xiàn)代主義的相互交織和滲透,在剖析人物心理危機的同時展示人物所處的現(xiàn)實境遇，從而深刻挖掘了主人公悲劇之所以產(chǎn)生的社會根源和個人因素，將傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)實主義小說固有的優(yōu)勢與現(xiàn)代主義的新的視野完美地結合在一起。 第三章討論了此小說的敘述特征。本論文主要分析小說的兩個特征：第一個是現(xiàn)實主義與現(xiàn)代主義相結合的特征；第二個是對照和諷刺相結合的特征。索爾貝婁是一位介于現(xiàn)實主義與現(xiàn)代主義之間的美國當代小說家。他繼承了優(yōu)秀的文學傳統(tǒng)，又吸收了現(xiàn)代主義文學的長處，把傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代創(chuàng)作手法融合在一起，形成了自己的獨特風格。他以現(xiàn)實主義手法反映現(xiàn)實生活的本質(zhì)，揭示物質(zhì)發(fā)達的美國所存在的精神危機，同時他又受到現(xiàn)代主義文學觀念與技巧的影響，在探索當代人心靈深處的感受，描寫世界的荒誕時運用了現(xiàn)代主義的手法。小說《洪堡的禮物》不同于傳統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)實主義作品，它具有二十世紀現(xiàn)實主義文學的一些明顯的藝術特色，在藝術上體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)實主義創(chuàng)作傾向同現(xiàn)代主義表現(xiàn)手法的有機結合。此外，在這部小說中，索爾貝婁還運用了傳統(tǒng)的對照與諷刺相結合的特征，在小說中的很多比較反映出了美國當代社會富足的物質(zhì)生活與空虛的精神生活的矛盾，諷刺了各個階層的人物心理上的丑惡。 最后的部分是結論。在論文的結論里，進一步強化了作者的創(chuàng)作意圖:藝術家和現(xiàn)代社會之間的關系問題值得關注。藝術家在現(xiàn)代社會中的地位和作用以及如何調(diào)節(jié)藝術家與現(xiàn)代社會之間的關系，這是貝婁有意識喚起人類思考的問題。
[Abstract]:"Humboldt's gift" is the American writer Sol Bellow (1915-2005) is one of the most outstanding works. In the narrative style, many critics regard this novel belongs tomonologue or autobiography novels. Since its inception in 1975, has caused widespread concern in the domestic and foreign scholars, won the Pulitzer prize for literature in 1976. In the same year, Saul Bellow won the Nobel prize for literature, laid a more important position "Humboldt's gift" in Saul Bellow's works. The novel focuses on the description of the two writers of different times in the United States, Humboldt and Citrin's fate, and through their different experiences, reveals the spiritual civilization of the destruction of the material world. The description of works the author of the artist display technology developed in modern society, the status of rich material has given full attention. So, how from the right angle or of the work The image of the artist and the fate of products is particularly important. After in-depth analysis of the work shows that using the novel narrative theory can realize the analysis of the characters and artists can adequately reveal their position in the modern society. This paper from the narrative perspective of the works, readers can have a more comprehensive understanding of the works the content, more clearly show the theme.
This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction mainly introduces the theory of the novel, namely, the theory of narrative narratives. Besides, it also introduces the main contents of "Humboldt's gift", and summarizes the research status of Bellow, the author at home and abroad.
Among them, the text includes three chapters.
The first chapter is the analysis of the narrative voice. In this novel < > in Humboldt's gift, Saul Bellow mainly uses the symbolism and stream of consciousness to add color to the language. Using these two methods to make the originally dull language is profound and image. The symbol is one of the important techniques in twentieth Century modernist literature. Stream of consciousness is one of the elements of literary works, the novels describe the perceptual life and psychological phenomenon and reflect the theme. In "Humboldt's gift", Saul Bellow mainly uses the first person narration, the first person storytelling method is an ingenious method. First person narrative increased personal narrative, its purpose and effect are changeable. Hero's own words self image. The first person to help readers directly by deeds, the knowledge of the Lord The public's mind, work is natural, true and kind. With this view, the author effectively avoids direct intervention and manipulation of the reader, so that the reader to understand the protagonist. Therefore, readers can construct directly tracking the protagonist's identity process, follow the protagonist's thoughts of contradiction, the mentality of confusion confusion and character development. However, a significant disadvantage of the first person perspective is that it has limitations, the readers can only see the hero within view of things, only with the hero to observe what is happening around. In order to compensate for the limitations of the first person perspective, Saul Bellow also used the third person perspective. When the narrator not on the scene, the third person perspective can help the readers understand the characters outside things. In addition, in this novel, there is also a special perspective: second people said second people. It shortens the distance between the reader and the narrator. The reader feels as if he is in a situation and feels the same, and further wins the reader's sympathy for the inner pain of the hero.
The second chapter discusses the narrative time of the novel. Saul Bellow use two kinds of narrative narrative time, a physical time sequence, a time sequence. This is the psychological structure of the text is a novel structure of the traditional narrative form is in accordance with the traditional narrative mode, has a clear story line, and according to the physical order of time tells a story. A feature of the novel "Humboldt's gift" performance in the arrangement of the narrative time is disrupting the timing, work structure presents a kind of internal jump. In sequential arrangement, Bellow did not let have great originality, the opening time of the reader into the fog, reflecting the progressive chaotic time, but the reader can determine the story time according to the text clear time adverbial, there is another main clues hidden in the sitrin memories, is about two Humboldt and Citrine Personal success in the literature on the road with the failure of the story. And two of the Humboldt citrine is reduced to fragments fragments of life review form appears in the Citrine of the past, the past of the past. These memories are mainly concentrated in the novels of the first eighteen chapters, these memories have no time to order, there is only Yuxitelin subconscious in a trance to show his uncertain inner anxiety. In addition, Bellow in the novel is also interspersed with many small scattered stories, these stories are Yixitelin memories form. The physical and psychological time combination of narrative style reflects a general trend in the literary creation -- twentieth Century realism and modernism are intertwined and infiltration, the reality show the characters in the analysis of the characters of psychological crisis at the same time, in order to deeply excavate the hero The social and personal factors that cause the tragedy combine the advantages of the traditional realistic novel with the new vision of modernism.
The third chapter discusses the narrative features of the novel. This thesis mainly analyzes two characteristics of the novel: one is the characteristics of the combination of modernism and realism; the second is the combination of the characteristics of control and satire. Saul Bellow is a contemporary American novelist between between realism and modernism. He inherited the the outstanding literary tradition, but also absorb the advantages of modern literature, traditional and modern writing style together, has formed its own unique style. The essence of his realism to reflect the realities of life, reveal the material developed in the United States are the spiritual crisis, at the same time he was influenced by modernism concept and skill in the depths of the soul, to explore the feelings of contemporary people, describing the absurdity of the world by modern technique. The novel < > Humboldt's gift is different from the traditional realistic works Some obvious characteristics of art, it has the realistic literature of twentieth Century, in art embodies the organic combination of realism creation tendency with modernism expression. In addition, in this novel, Saul Bellow also used the characteristics of the combination of traditional control and irony, many in the novel reflects the the contradiction of contemporary American society rich material life and the spiritual emptiness of life, satire all classes of characters and psychological ugliness.
The last part is the conclusion. In the conclusion, the further strengthening of the author's creation intention: the relationship between the artist and the modern social concern. The status and role of the artist in modern society and how to adjust the relationship between the artist and the modern society, this is Bellow consciously arouse human thought.

【學位授予單位】：遼寧大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：I712.074

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前7條

1 張弘;論貝婁小說的藝術特色[J];北方論叢;2000年05期

2 朱秀元;索爾·貝婁小說的二項對立藝術初探[J];北京科技大學學報(社會科學版);2005年02期

3 紀玲妹,秦衛(wèi)明;兩代美國猶太文學家的成敗史——評索爾·貝類的《洪堡的禮物》[J];河海大學機械學院學報;1999年03期

4 韓福樂;議索爾·貝婁小說的現(xiàn)代性意蘊[J];河南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版);2004年05期

5 楊東輝,關麗君,唐靜;簡論索爾·貝婁小說的思想性[J];遼寧工學院學報(社會科學版);2004年02期

6 祝平;;國外索爾·貝婁研究述評[J];外語教學;2007年02期

7 戚詠梅;試析索爾·貝婁小說中的人文主義精神[J];外國文學研究;2004年03期

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 陳瀟;《洪堡的禮物》的主題研究[D];遼寧大學;2008年

，

本文編號：1426728