本文關(guān)鍵詞：論康拉德小說(shuō)中人物的復(fù)雜性　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 康拉德 小說(shuō)人物 復(fù)雜性 文學(xué) 道德

【摘要】：約瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad）是19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初最偉大的英國(guó)作家之一，，他在繼承了現(xiàn)實(shí)主義傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也表現(xiàn)出了鮮明的現(xiàn)代主義特征，他的作品為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義向現(xiàn)代主義轉(zhuǎn)變提供了緩沖和過(guò)渡。與此同時(shí)，他對(duì)英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)性革新，尤其在敘事技巧和人物塑造方面做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。通過(guò)康拉德對(duì)小說(shuō)的革新，他作品中的人物已經(jīng)不僅僅為了講一個(gè)故事而存在，而是旨在傳達(dá)一種精神，一種關(guān)于人性的考量，并鞭策著讀者思考作品中的道德內(nèi)涵，完成自身的道德發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此，對(duì)康拉德的小說(shuō)進(jìn)行研究，這對(duì)了解英國(guó)文學(xué)史、英國(guó)社會(huì)狀況甚至對(duì)探究整個(gè)人類的精神世界都有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。 縱觀康拉德小說(shuō)的人物畫廊、通過(guò)文本細(xì)讀我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，康拉德小說(shuō)中的人物形象普遍具有復(fù)雜性的特點(diǎn)。這里的復(fù)雜性特征指的是小說(shuō)人物通過(guò)言行舉止表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的性格上的豐富性和對(duì)立性。換句話說(shuō)，讀者讀罷小說(shuō)，并不能對(duì)作品人物做出道德上的判斷，是非對(duì)錯(cuò)、善惡好壞的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)會(huì)因?yàn)槿宋镎宫F(xiàn)出來(lái)的復(fù)雜人性而變得模糊不清。這樣的人物塑造手法使讀者對(duì)康拉德的褒貶不一，但這也正是他作品最出彩之處。故而本文以康拉德小說(shuō)中的人物為研究對(duì)象，通過(guò)文本細(xì)讀、文本分析對(duì)作品中的復(fù)雜人物形象予以剖析，試圖進(jìn)一步審視作者潛藏于作品中的焦慮心態(tài)與道德價(jià)值取向，并釋疑文學(xué)中展現(xiàn)人性雙重性的目的和意義。 本文主要從三部分進(jìn)行解讀。首先借助康拉德的三部小說(shuō)（中篇小說(shuō)《黑暗的心》、長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《吉姆爺》、短篇小說(shuō)《秘密分享者》）進(jìn)行文本細(xì)讀，分析作品中人物的復(fù)雜性表現(xiàn)；其次從社會(huì)環(huán)境、作家人格、作家身份三個(gè)方面對(duì)康拉德如此塑造人物的原因進(jìn)行解讀；最后著重分析人物復(fù)雜性在康拉德小說(shuō)革新中的核心地位。全文以“表現(xiàn)——原因——意義”的邏輯進(jìn)行敘述，在展現(xiàn)康拉德小說(shuō)人物復(fù)雜性的同時(shí)，或許可以把文學(xué)與道德的關(guān)系理清一二。文學(xué)家對(duì)這個(gè)社會(huì)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任就是用最不像事實(shí)的事實(shí)去表達(dá)真實(shí)，只有讓人們認(rèn)識(shí)并接受真實(shí)的自己，真正正常的道德秩序才能夠被建立。作品表現(xiàn)人性的陰暗面這無(wú)所謂“正負(fù)能量”，符合人性的真實(shí)就是道德的，最起碼這樣的作品維護(hù)了文學(xué)的道德。而我們普通人也應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)自己內(nèi)心深處的真實(shí)，這樣才不至于在大千世界中由迷失走向奔潰。 本文以人物分析作為切入點(diǎn)、把文學(xué)作品與道德主題相結(jié)合放在一個(gè)新的角度研究，不同于以往的“人性向善分析論”，希望借此可以看到一片新的天地。
[Abstract]:Joseph Conrad (Joseph Conrad) is one of the greatest British writers in early twentieth Century at the end of nineteenth Century, he inherits the traditional realism, also showed the distinctive features of modernism, his works of realism to modernism transformation provides a buffer and transition. At the same time, he carried out the experimental reform of the British tradition novels, especially made great contribution in the narrative techniques and characterization of the novel by Conrad. The innovation of characters in his works have not only to a story, but to convey a kind of spirit, a kind of human nature and moral considerations, urging readers to think connotation works, complete their own moral found. Therefore, the study of Conrad's novels, which is to understand the history of English literature, to explore the social situation even the human spiritual world All of them have some guiding significance.
Throughout Conrad's novels the character Gallery, through the text we can see that in the novels of Conrad characters generally has the characteristic of complexity. Complexity here refers to the characters in the novels by demeanor demonstrated the character on the abundance and antagonism. In other words, readers read novels, and can not make moral judgments on the figures in the works, right and wrong, good and evil quality criteria because of the complexity of human figures show become blurred. So the characterization techniques to make readers to Conrad's praise is not the same, but this is his most spectacular. So this paper takes the characters in Conrad's novels as the research object, through the text reading, text analysis to analyze the works of the complex characters, the author attempts to further examine the hidden in the works of the anxiety and moral value The orientation of literature show, and explain the purpose and significance of the human nature of duality.
This paper is mainly from three parts. Firstly, with the interpretation of Conrad's three novels (novella "heart of darkness", the novel "Lord Jim", short story "the Secret Sharer >) text, complexity analysis of characters in the works of performance; secondly from the social environment, family as lattice, three aspects of the writer the identity of Conrad, so the characters the reason of interpretation; finally analyzes the core characters in Conrad's novels the complexity of innovation. The full text of the" - the reason Logic -- the significance of "narrative of Conrad's novels show the characters in complexity at the same time, it may be possible to clarify the relationship between literature and morality. The one or two writers of the society the responsibility is the fact not only allow people to express the true, know and accept themselves, the real normal moral order can only be built The dark side of human nature. This works "positive energy", in line with the truth of human nature is moral, at least such works to maintain the literary moral. And we ordinary people should also learn to face their inner reality, so as not to lose in the world by Daqian to collapse.
Based on the analysis of the characters as a starting point, the literary works and the moral theme combination on a new perspective, different from the previous analysis on the goodness of human nature ", hoping to see a new world.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I561.074

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