本文關(guān)鍵詞：雙聲性對(duì)話(huà)與雙合種族意識(shí)：《他們眼望上蒼》的隱喻表述　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 佐拉·尼爾·赫斯頓 《他們眼望上蒼》 雙聲性對(duì)話(huà) 雙合的種族意識(shí)

【摘要】：佐拉·尼爾·赫斯頓(1903?-1960)是1920年代哈萊姆文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期最出色的文人之一。她集民俗學(xué)家、人類(lèi)學(xué)家、記者、批評(píng)家、小說(shuō)家等多種頭銜于一身。作為1920年至1950年間最多產(chǎn)的美國(guó)黑人女作家,赫斯頓發(fā)表了四部小說(shuō)、兩部民俗故事集、一部短篇故事集、一部自傳、多篇隨筆和論文以及多部音樂(lè)和劇作品。她發(fā)表于1937年的小說(shuō)《他們眼望上蒼》現(xiàn)已被公認(rèn)為其最出色的作品。該作品也是美國(guó)經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品中被研究得最多的小說(shuō)之一。 現(xiàn)如今,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)界大多從以下視角來(lái)解讀《他》這部作品,比如從女性主義視角來(lái)探究女主人公珍妮女性意識(shí)的覺(jué)醒以及女性身份的建構(gòu)；從文化人類(lèi)學(xué)視角來(lái)探尋文本中美國(guó)黑人民俗文化的表征；又或從敘事學(xué)角度分析作品的敘事策略和敘事語(yǔ)言。這些研究已從多種不同角度對(duì)作品做了深入探討,但研究焦點(diǎn)基本集中在對(duì)主人公文化身份建構(gòu)、黑人聲音的表現(xiàn)與追尋、黑人民俗傳統(tǒng)的文本表征的探討上,對(duì)作者的創(chuàng)作意圖及其種族觀則較少提及。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于將文本的形式美與其社會(huì)歷史內(nèi)涵結(jié)合起來(lái),從“社會(huì)歷史及美學(xué)的角度”來(lái)探討作者通過(guò)這部小說(shuō)中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的創(chuàng)作觀和種族哲學(xué)。 論文根據(jù)巴赫金“對(duì)話(huà)主義”理論、小亨利·路易斯·蓋茨的“言說(shuō)者文本”理論并結(jié)合赫斯頓對(duì)其種族觀的表述,對(duì)文本的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)和敘事話(huà)語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)做了詳細(xì)分析。在《他》中,框架敘事結(jié)構(gòu)及人物話(huà)語(yǔ)與敘事者話(huà)語(yǔ)間的轉(zhuǎn)換融合所體現(xiàn)出的雙聲性對(duì)話(huà)是赫斯頓的黑白種族觀,即對(duì)黑白間平等對(duì)話(huà)的期許以及其雙合種族意識(shí)的一種隱喻表述。赫斯頓具有的所謂雙合的種族意識(shí)是非裔美國(guó)人的一種文化身份建構(gòu)策略。它強(qiáng)調(diào)“兩重性”,即黑人傳統(tǒng)與白人文化在非裔美國(guó)人身上所可能體現(xiàn)出的一種共在性；它強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種種族文化意識(shí)之間的對(duì)話(huà)式的統(tǒng)一性。這種對(duì)話(huà)式的、開(kāi)放的種族哲學(xué)肯定了非裔美國(guó)文化的創(chuàng)造性和包容性,它有助于消解長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)美國(guó)黑人的身份困境。此種困境正如杜波依斯所說(shuō)是一種矛盾的、不可調(diào)和的“雙重意識(shí)”。它阻礙了非裔美國(guó)人與自身、與美國(guó)社會(huì)的良性互動(dòng)。 赫斯頓這種雙合的種族意識(shí)是一種積極的、健康的黑白種族觀。正如艾莉絲·沃克所評(píng)價(jià)的：赫斯頓其人及作品包含了一種“種族健康”。文分析了何為“種族健康”及作者如何在《他》中表達(dá)這種“種族健康”。希望通過(guò)本文,能揭示赫斯頓清晰的種族立場(chǎng)。事實(shí)上,赫斯頓不僅是一位出色的作家,她還是一位有責(zé)任感,有良知的非裔美國(guó)人。她想通過(guò)作品來(lái)表達(dá)其雙合種族意識(shí),并努力提升黑人種族在當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)黑人充滿(mǎn)敵意的美國(guó)社會(huì)中的地位。在赫斯頓活躍的那個(gè)年代,她的努力連同她種族意識(shí)都不被人所認(rèn)同。然而時(shí)至今日她的作品早已被奉為經(jīng)典,而且她的創(chuàng)作觀和種族立場(chǎng)早就預(yù)言了在現(xiàn)今這個(gè)文化多元的世界,不同種族在交往過(guò)程中所應(yīng)該持有的態(tài)度和策略,那就是開(kāi)放的、多元的、包容性的對(duì)話(huà)。正是依靠不斷的融入和對(duì)話(huà)而非對(duì)抗和分離,美國(guó)黑人在“百衲被”式的美國(guó)社會(huì)中贏得了自己的地位。同時(shí),黑人文化傳統(tǒng)也得到了保留和傳承。
[Abstract]:Zola Neil Heston (1903? -1960) is one of the writers during the Harlem Renaissance 1920s best. She set a folklorist, anthropologist, journalist, critic, novelist and other titles in one. From 1920 to 1950 as the most prolific African American female writer, Heston has published four novels, two folk tales, a collection of short stories, an autobiography, numerous essays and papers and several musical and dramatic works. She appeared in the 1937 novel "their eyes were Watching God" has been recognized as the most outstanding works. The work also is one of the classic works of American literature is the most studied novel.
Now, the academic circles at home and abroad are mostly from the perspective of < he > this works, such as the construction to explore the heroine Jeanne's female consciousness from the perspective of feminism and the awakening of female identity; to explore the characterization of text in the African American folk culture from the perspective of cultural anthropology; or from the perspective of narratology analysis works the narrative strategies and narrative language. These have been studied from different angles on the works done in-depth study, but the focus of research focused on the basic construction of the cultural identity of the protagonist, and pursue the black voice, to explore the characterization of folk traditional black text on the author's intention and idea of race is less mentioned. The innovation of this paper lies in text in the form of beauty and its social and historical connotation together, from the "social history and aesthetic point of view" to explore the author of this novel in the table The emerging view of creation and the philosophy of race.
On the basis of Bakhtin's "dialogism" theory, Henry Luis Gates's "speech text" theory and combined with Heston on the race concept representation, the narrative structure of the text and narrative discourse characteristics are analyzed in detail. In his < >, the framework of narrative structure and narrative discourse and people dialogue discourse conversion between two the fusion is embodied in Heston's black and white racism, of equal dialogue between the expectations and the black and white double a metaphor of racial consciousness expression. Heston has the dual racial consciousness is a kind of cultural identity construction strategy of African American people. It emphasizes the "duality", namely black the traditional and white culture can be embodied in the African Americans in a total of two; it emphasizes the unity between ethnic culture consciousness of the dialogue. This type of dialogue, open a Family philosophy affirmed the creativity and inclusiveness of African American culture, it helps digestion of long black American identity dilemma. As Dubois said this dilemma is a contradictory and irreconcilable "double consciousness". It hinders the African Americans with their benign interaction with the American society.
Heston's dual racial consciousness is an active and healthy racial view. As Alice Walker evaluation: Heston and his works contain a "racial health". This paper analyzes what is "racial health" and how the author in < > "he expressed the hope that through racial health". In this paper, to reveal Heston's racial attitude clear. In fact, Heston is not only a great writer, she is a sense of responsibility, the conscience of the African Americans. She wants to express its dual racial consciousness through the work, and strive to improve the black racial hostility to the blacks in American society at that time in that position. Heston was active, her efforts along with her racial consciousness has not been recognized. However, her works have long been regarded as a classic, and her creation view and race position early Foretold in this multicultural world, attitudes and Strategies of different races should be held in the process of communication, that is open, pluralistic and inclusive dialogue. It is through constant integration and dialogue rather than confrontation and separation of American blacks in "quilting" in American society to win his position. At the same time, the black cultural tradition has been preserved and inherited.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I712.074

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