【摘要】： 軸心時(shí)期,是中國(guó)和西方文明的分界期。本文意在研究中西方從原始社會(huì)發(fā)展而來(lái)的神話思維如何在此時(shí)的不同國(guó)度里開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化,從而影響到中西方思維方式產(chǎn)生了歷史的差異性。本文在給神話思維一個(gè)明確定義的基礎(chǔ)上,首先研究了中西方神話思維在軸心時(shí)期發(fā)生的變異,指出中國(guó)此時(shí)還保留了神話思維的混沌性特征,而古希臘時(shí)期則更多地表現(xiàn)為對(duì)神話思維原始混沌性的揚(yáng)棄,這種差異主要體現(xiàn)在神話故事和各類藝術(shù)作品中,從神祗的造像分析,中國(guó)人還處在崇拜動(dòng)物性的神祗階段,還屈服于動(dòng)物神祗所代表的大自然的力量之下,人的精神還沒(méi)有充分被認(rèn)識(shí)、崇拜。希臘神話、藝術(shù)(主要是雕塑、瓶飾和瓶畫等)所體現(xiàn)了對(duì)人的肯定了和自信,把人作為萬(wàn)物的尺度。在中國(guó)神話思維隨后發(fā)展而成具象思維,具象思維跟神話思維最接近。在軸心時(shí)期,正是因?yàn)檫@種中西方先哲對(duì)神話思維采取的不同態(tài)度,奠定了以后中西方思維模式的不同走向。 中國(guó)先哲對(duì)上古的神話思維繼承多于超越,從而導(dǎo)致了中國(guó)思維方式的整體性、混融性和感性的特質(zhì)。而古希臘先哲們對(duì)神話思維則采取了超越多于繼承的態(tài)度,表現(xiàn)為對(duì)理性和邏輯思維的孜孜不倦的追求。神話思維的差異性研究,時(shí)間和空間是神話思維的兩個(gè)主要的維度,古代中國(guó)人關(guān)于時(shí)間的想象是一種循環(huán)的圓的時(shí)間觀,這種時(shí)間觀體現(xiàn)在道家、儒家和陰陽(yáng)五行家的思想里。道家思想里的主要的概念是神話概念的變形或者是其哲學(xué)抽象,其講述的創(chuàng)世、墮落和救世的主題,儒家的對(duì)三代的追慕,以及陰陽(yáng)五行家的五個(gè)元素的相生、相勝的思想是可以說(shuō)是圓形循環(huán)神話時(shí)間的體現(xiàn)。這種循環(huán)的圓形的時(shí)間觀引導(dǎo)中國(guó)的自然哲學(xué)在系統(tǒng)內(nèi)尋找萬(wàn)物的有機(jī)聯(lián)系和主要?jiǎng)恿?而任何外在的原因是很難設(shè)想的,從而也導(dǎo)致中國(guó)對(duì)自然和諧與自然變化有深邃的哲學(xué)理解。但不幸的是,古代中國(guó)人完全陷入宇宙的有機(jī)論的泥潭。這種觀念是造成中國(guó)科技不發(fā)達(dá)的一個(gè)原因。因?yàn)橐坏┱卧瓌t和道德價(jià)值開(kāi)始被看作世界系統(tǒng)的不可或缺的部分,道的觀念就妥協(xié)了,宇宙觀不再是科學(xué)探索的基礎(chǔ),而成為統(tǒng)治階級(jí)為其利益服務(wù)的工具。而希臘直線的時(shí)間觀念以一個(gè)永恒的第一動(dòng)因或外在的造物主為特點(diǎn),所以希臘自然科學(xué)的動(dòng)力就是去發(fā)現(xiàn)造物主設(shè)下的宇宙秩序的規(guī)律。 中西神話思維中關(guān)于空間的想象曾不同程度地影響了中西方的早期政治觀念的形成,中國(guó)人曾把天地宇宙想象為天圓地方,大地是的一個(gè)規(guī)則同心的多層級(jí)正方形;而希臘人把大地想象為圓形,在這種自然空間中,一切因素都處在“力量的對(duì)等”中,相互對(duì)立,相互平衡。這對(duì)中國(guó)較早形成大一統(tǒng)的封建帝國(guó)和西方較早形成的城邦制有直接的影響。本文分三章。第一章、軸心時(shí)期中西藝術(shù)形體中的思維差異性;第二章、軸心時(shí)期中西哲學(xué)思想對(duì)神話思維的選擇;第三章,神話思維對(duì)中西早期政治觀念的影響。
[Abstract]:The axis period is the boundary period of Chinese and Western civilization. The purpose of this paper is to study how the mythological thinking from the development of the primitive society in the western part of China has changed in different countries at this time, thus affecting the difference of the historical difference in the mode of thinking in the middle and the west. On the basis of a clear definition of the mythological thinking, this paper first studies the variation of the thinking of the Chinese and western mythology in the period of the axis, and points out that in this time, it also retains the mixed character of the mythological thinking, and the ancient Greek period is more expressed as the discarding of the original mix of the mythological thinking. The difference is mainly reflected in the fairy tales and various works of art, from the image of the god, the Chinese are still in the stage of the worship of the animal, and the spirit of the man is not fully recognized and worshipped under the power of the nature of the animal god. Greek mythology, art (mainly sculpture, bottle and bottle painting, etc.) embody the affirmation and self-confidence of the human being, as the yardstick of all things. In that follow development of the Chinese mythology, the thought is the most close to the thinking and the mythical thinking. In the period of the axis, it is precisely because of the different attitude of the West of the West to the thought of the myth, and laid the foundation for the different trend of the western mode of thinking in the future. The inheritance of the ancient mythological thinking of China is more than the above, leading to the integrity and the fusion of Chinese thinking mode. The ancient Greek philosophers have adopted more than the inheritance of the mythological thinking, and expressed as the basis for the rational and logical thinking. The study of the difference of the mythological thinking, the time and the space are the two main dimensions of the mythological thinking. The imagination of the ancient Chinese people about time is the time view of the circle, which is reflected in the Taoist, the Confucian and the Yin and Yang five. In the thought of the expert, the main concept of the Taoist thought is the deformation of the concept of the myth or the abstract of its philosophy, the creation of the story, the theme of the corruption and the salvation, the admiration of the three generations of the Confucian, and the five five-element family's five. The life of an element, and the thought of winning, is that it can be said to be a circular, circular god. The round time view of this cycle leads the natural philosophy of China to find the organic relation and the main power of all things in the system, and any other reason is hard to imagine, which also leads to the deep natural harmony and natural change of China. The philosophical understanding of the universe. But unfortunately, the ancient Chinese are completely in the universe. The concept of organic theory is the cause of China's science and technology. For one reason, because once the political principles and moral values begin to be regarded as an integral part of the world system, the concept of the Tao is compromised, and the view of the universe is no longer the basis of scientific exploration, and the ruling class is its interest. The time concept of the Greek straight line is characterized by an eternal first driver or an external creator, so the power of the Greek natural science is to find the house of the creator. The law of the Archean order. The imagination of the space in the thinking of the Chinese and Western mythology has influenced the formation of the early political concept of the middle and the west, and the Chinese have imagined the universe of the world as the place of the sky, and the earth is a regular, multi-level square. The Greeks imagined the earth as a circle, in which all the factors were in the "A-air of power." In the middle, the opposite and the balance of each other. This is a relatively early feudal empire in China and the West. an early-formed city-state A direct effect. This paper is divided into three chapters. Chapter one, the difference of thinking in the Chinese and Western art forms in the axial period, the second chapter, the choice of the Chinese and Western philosophical thoughts on the mythological thinking in the axial period, and the third chapter, the myth.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：I0-03

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