發(fā)布時間：2018-06-15 07:57

  本文選題：西方 + 女權主義　； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 西方女權主義發(fā)展到今天，提出了諸多關于身體的理論。本文旨在通過對不同時期、不同流派女權主義的理論分析，將身體概念剝離出來，以此梳理并闡釋西方語境下女權主義關于身體的各種理論。 本文以一種客觀態(tài)度，在對西方語境下女權主義身體理論進行整理的基礎上，試圖從政治性、話語性、多元性三個角度重新加以闡釋，盡可能對不同時期、不同流派的女權主義做出全面、清晰的勾勒，希望能對國內目前此問題的研究稍有裨益。全文共分三章九節(jié)予以論述。 第一章分析了女權主義三大流派關于身體的“政治性”闡釋，這是一種外化視角。女權主義三大流派對主流文化的沖擊更多地在政治層面上為人知曉，而不是在語言、理論和方法論層面上。女權主義對傳統(tǒng)的顛覆性是因為它在性政治上做出了激進的強調。二三節(jié)為本章重點。第一節(jié)概述早期女權主義流派對身體研究的忽視。自由主義女權主義認為婦女受壓迫源于社會不公正待遇，要達到兩性平等，婦女必須爭取更多受教育和就業(yè)的機會。馬克思主義與社會主義女權主義試圖解決階級與性別問題。第二節(jié)論述了激進女權主義把身體研究提高到理論核心地位，認為男女的差異主要是身體的差異，側重探索父權社會關于女性的性／社會性別制度、生育、性暴力和性剝削等理論。這是立足于政治層面的身體理論。第三節(jié)針對父權社會兩性在身體上的不平等，激進女權主義提出了“性政治”的清算，介入了女權主義的批評方法。女權主義者使現(xiàn)存的批評方法政治化了。 第二章分析了后現(xiàn)代女權主義批評中關于身體的“話語性”闡釋，這是一種內化視角。后現(xiàn)代主義將理論概念重心從“結構”改變?yōu)椤霸捳Z”，后現(xiàn)代女權主義批評因其具有濃重的法國色彩而被稱為法國女權主義批評，她們注重對女性語言的探索。第一節(jié)概述法國女權主義批評的主要理論來源：雅克·拉康、雅克·德里達與米歇爾·�？�。第二節(jié)介紹法國女權主義批評的理論先驅西蒙·德·波伏娃“他者”理論中有關身體的解釋。第三節(jié)重點分析法國女權主義批評三大代表人物的“身體話語”理論，分別為埃萊娜·西蘇的“陰性寫作”、露絲·伊利格瑞的“女人腔”以及朱莉亞·克里斯蒂瓦的“符號學”理論。她們主張挖掘女性語言和社會性別化的語言，認為這些語言扎根于女性的身體、欲望或想象力中。對女性身體的重新譯讀有助于瓦解菲勒斯中心，有助于掙脫父權社會的話語統(tǒng)治。女性通過身體寫作來挖掘身體語言，借語言來爭奪權力，從而建構女性主體。 第三章分析了世紀之交女權主義關于身體的種種理論質疑，這是一種多元化視角。在世界經(jīng)濟、政治和文化日益全球化的歷史背景下，女權主義者把身體的研究擴大到通俗文化和消費文化領域，批判這一時期的主流社會，尤其是消費文化和大眾文化對女性身體的建構。第一節(jié)提出一種多元的性向實踐：“酷兒”理論。它是對身體的自由選擇和自由支配，是后現(xiàn)代話語對主流話語的一種解構，為文化走向多元提供了新的視角和實踐意義上的可能。第二節(jié)討論后女權主義關于消費文化下女性身體的標準化。這源于米歇爾·�？玛P于標準化或正常化(normalisation)以及懲戒凝視的思想。消費文化下女性身體的標準化在一定程度上解放了身體的束縛與遮蔽，既給身體的暴露和交往帶來了自由，又重新導致了對身體的壓制和暴力。第三節(jié)論述女權主義對后現(xiàn)代消費文化中身體理論的各種質疑、探索和詮釋。她們并不注重于重新發(fā)現(xiàn)不被父權話語建構的女性身體，，而承認在各種話語中身體形成的多元性和流動性，認為一統(tǒng)的身體形象之穩(wěn)定性缺乏根據(jù)。這種身體理論雖遠離女權主義的政治實踐，卻提供了一種可貴的多元視角，讓一切單一的規(guī)范都變得模糊，從而使文化走向多樣，使身體探討走向多元。
[Abstract]:With the development of western feminism, many theories about the body have been put forward today. This article is aimed at stripping out the concept of body through the theoretical analysis of different schools of feminism in different periods and in order to comb and explain the various theories of feminism about the body in the western context.
On the basis of an objective attitude, this paper tries to reinterpret the feminist body theory in the western context, and tries to reinterpret it from three angles, political, discourse and pluralism, and make a comprehensive and clear outline of feminism in different periods and different schools, hoping to be a little helpful to the research of the present problem at home. The full text is divided into three chapters and nine sections.
The first chapter analyzes the "political" interpretation of the three major schools of feminism about the body, which is an externalized perspective. The impact of Feminism on the mainstream culture of the three major streams is more known at the political level than in the language, theory and methodology. The feminism is subversive to the tradition because it is in sex politics. The two or three section has made a radical emphasis. The first section is the focus of this chapter. The first section outlines the neglect of the body research in the early feminist schools. Liberalist feminism believes that women are oppressed from social injustice, and to achieve gender equality, women must strive for more opportunities for education and employment. Marx and socialist women's rights. It tries to solve the problem of class and sex. The second section discusses the radical feminism that raises the body research to the core of the theory, thinks that the differences between men and women are mainly physical differences, and focus on exploring the theories of patriarchal society about sex / gender system, fertility, sexual violence and sexual exploitation. This is based on the political level. Body theory. The third section aims at the inequality of the sexes in the patriarchal society. The radical feminism puts forward the liquidation of "sex politics", and intervenes the feminist criticism method. The feminist politicized the existing criticism methods.
The second chapter analyzes the "Discourse" interpretation of the body in postmodern feminist criticism, which is an internalized perspective. Postmodernism changes the center of gravity of theoretical concepts from "structure" to "Discourse", and postmodern feminist criticism is called French feminist criticism because of its heavy French color, and they pay attention to women. The first section outlines the main theoretical sources of French feminist criticism: Jacques Lacan, Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. The second section introduces the explanation of the body in the theory of French feminist criticism, Simon de Beauvoir "the other" theory of Simon de Beauvoir. The third section focuses on the analysis of French feminist criticism. The "Body Discourse" theory of the three major representatives is Elena Sisu's "negative writing", Ruth illgerry's "woman's cavity" and the "Semiotics" theory of Julia Christian. They claim to excavate the language of female language and social gender, and think that these languages are rooted in the body, desire or desire of women. In imagination, the re translation of the female body helps to disintegrate the phreus center and help to break away from the domination of the patriarchal society. Women use body writing to excavate body language and compete for power by language, thus constructing female subjects.
The third chapter analyzes the theoretical questions about the feminism at the turn of the century, which is a pluralistic perspective. In the historical context of the globalization of world economy, politics and culture, feminists have expanded their research into the popular culture and consumer culture, and criticized the mainstream society, especially the consumer literature of the period. The first section puts forward a multiple sexual practice: "queer" theory. It is a free choice and free domination of the body. It is a deconstruction of the mainstream discourse in the post modern discourse. It provides a new perspective and practical significance for the pluralism of culture. The second section of the discussion after the discussion of the feminist owner. The standardization of the female body in the consumer culture. It comes from Michel Volker's thought about standardization or normalization (normalisation) and disciplinary gaze. The standardization of the female body in the consumer culture liberates the bondage and shelter of the body to a certain extent. It brings freedom to the exposure and communication of the body, and leads to the rebirth of the body. The third section discusses the various questions, exploration and interpretation of Feminism on the body theory of postmodern consumption culture. They do not pay attention to the re discovery of the female body which is not constructed by the patriarchal discourse, but admit the pluralism and mobility of the body in various discourses, and believe that the unified body image is stable. This body theory, though far from the political practice of feminism, provides a valuable and pluralistic perspective, which makes all the single norms blurred, thus making the culture diversified and the body discussion pluralistic.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：I0-05

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前7條

1 劉陽;凌駕于女性身體之上的美[D];湖南師范大學;2009年

2 高敏;后現(xiàn)代視域中伊利格瑞的女性話語理論重構[D];西北大學;2010年

3 陳曉瑜;青春期女生性別認同研究[D];南京師范大學;2012年

4 孫麗麗;女權主義視角下女性政治參與問題的批判研究[D];南京航空航天大學;2012年

5 黃狄鳳;論鄺麗莎《雪花和秘密的扇子》中女書文化的女性意識[D];廣西師范大學;2013年

6 吳瑕;后現(xiàn)代女權主義的倫理審視[D];西南交通大學;2012年

7 皮小艷;審美·消費·話語[D];湘潭大學;2012年

本文編號：2021305