本文選題：作者功能　切入點(diǎn)：話語　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文對(duì)�？碌淖髡呃碚撜归_了相關(guān)的研究，以期通過若干問題的探討對(duì)福柯的作者理論及�？碌乃枷胗兴私�。米歇爾·福柯是20世紀(jì)極富挑戰(zhàn)性和反叛性的法國(guó)思想家，被稱作“20世紀(jì)法蘭西的尼采”“薩特之后法國(guó)最重要的思想家”，，他是后結(jié)構(gòu)主義、后現(xiàn)代主義群體中的領(lǐng)軍人物。具體來說，作為思想界巨擎的福柯對(duì)文學(xué)的關(guān)注影響了結(jié)構(gòu)主義和后結(jié)構(gòu)主義的走向，他對(duì)作者問題的關(guān)注使得作者能夠處于文本之外且先于文本存在。福柯于1969年發(fā)表了《什么是作者？》這篇文章，伴隨著“作者之死”的提出，�？绿岢隽似渥髡呃碚撝械暮诵母拍睢髡吖δ�。福柯對(duì)作者理論中這一核心概念的定義是它集中體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)社會(huì)里某些話語存在、流通和運(yùn)作的特征。因此，福柯的作者理論的核心就是作者具有功能性意義。 就內(nèi)部影響而言，具有功能性意義的作者理論在對(duì)內(nèi)方面呈現(xiàn)出四個(gè)不同特征，即，作者功能是法律的產(chǎn)物，這一體系會(huì)明確的表達(dá)出話語的范圍；在我們所處的文化中，每個(gè)時(shí)期都是在為不同類型的文本尋找作者，作者功能影響話語的方式是會(huì)隨著時(shí)代和不同文化形態(tài)而改變；“作者”被建構(gòu)為一種特定的理性存在是要通過批評(píng)家們一系列復(fù)雜的努力來完成的；作者功能產(chǎn)生并存在于作者和敘事者之間的裂縫當(dāng)中，這一規(guī)律普遍存在于文學(xué)和科學(xué)話語之中。這四個(gè)不同的特征從內(nèi)部對(duì)作者理論起到支撐作用。 就外部影響而言，福柯的作者功能理論產(chǎn)生了多層面多維度的影響，分別是，在文學(xué)上由于福柯認(rèn)為作者不是一個(gè)一般性的專有名稱，而是話語的一種功能，是把一個(gè)具體的人從話語之中引向更為寬廣的外部世界，因此作者變得豐富多彩；對(duì)新歷史主義而言，福柯認(rèn)為，話語觀念使文學(xué)文本向更大的實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域開放：小說本身就是歷史，文本不但可以生產(chǎn)新的客體對(duì)象，甚至生產(chǎn)新的主體，因此，�？碌淖髡呃碚撘簿统闪藰�(gòu)成新歷史主義的方法論；話語實(shí)踐是�？伦髡呃碚撝械闹匾拍睿鼘�(duì)考古學(xué)、話語分析等都產(chǎn)生了多重影響；另一個(gè)福柯理論中的重要概念“權(quán)力”也在作者理論的框架下，在文學(xué)中的地位愈加突顯，�？碌淖髡呃碚搶�(shí)際上擴(kuò)展了話語的意義，使得權(quán)力在話語的基礎(chǔ)上顯得更加重要。 �？伦髡呃碚撘詺v史性的眼光在知識(shí)考古學(xué)和主體批判的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用話語分析的手段，為我們提供了一種不同于傳統(tǒng)的作者理論，為我們的文學(xué)和文化研究提供了啟示。
[Abstract]:This paper studies Foucault's author's theory in order to understand Foucault's author's theory and Foucault's thought through several questions. In 20th century, Michele Foucault was a very challenging and rebellious French thinker. Known as "Nietzsche of France in 20th century," "the most important thinker in France after Sartre," he was a post-structuralist, leader in the post-modernist community. Foucault's attention to literature has influenced the trend of structuralism and post-structuralism, and his attention to the question of the author enables the author to be outside the text and to exist before the text. In 1969, Foucault published "what is the author?" In this article, along with the author's death, Foucault puts forward the core concept in his author's theory, the author's function. Foucault defines this core concept in the author's theory as the embodiment of some discourse in a society. Therefore, the core of Foucault's author theory is the author's functional significance. As far as internal influence is concerned, the author's theory of functional significance shows four different characteristics internally, namely, the author's function is the product of law, and this system clearly expresses the scope of discourse; in our culture, Each time is looking for an author for a different type of text, The way in which the author's function influences the discourse changes with the times and different cultural forms, and the author is constructed as a particular rational existence through a series of complicated efforts of the critics. The author's function is produced and exists in the cracks between the author and the narrator, and this law generally exists in literary and scientific discourse. These four different characteristics support the author's theory from the inside. As far as external influence is concerned, Foucault's theory of author's function has a multi-level and multi-dimensional influence, which is, in literature, because Foucault thinks that the author is not a general exclusive name, but a function of discourse. It is to lead a concrete person from the discourse to the wider outer world, so that the author becomes rich and colorful; in the case of New historicism, Foucault believes, The concept of discourse opens the literary text to a larger field of practice: the novel itself is history, and the text can not only produce new objects, but also new subjects. Foucault's author theory has become the methodology that constitutes new historicism, discourse practice is an important concept in Foucault's author's theory, it has many influences on archaeology and discourse analysis. Another important concept in Foucault's theory, "power", is more and more prominent in literature under the framework of author's theory. Foucault's author theory actually expands the meaning of discourse and makes power more important on the basis of discourse. On the basis of knowledge archaeology and subject criticism, Foucault's author theory provides us with a different author's theory from the traditional author's theory and provides us with inspiration for our literary and cultural studies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：I0

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