本文關(guān)鍵詞： 插花節(jié) 梅葛 畢摩　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國地域遼闊,地質(zhì)氣象多樣,形成了不同的生產(chǎn)方式和生活方式,也形成了不同的文化及不同的審美觀。尤其是我國的少數(shù)民族,大多生活在祖國的邊疆地區(qū),受那里特殊的地理位置、氣候特征、生活方式的影響,其文化多樣、歌舞多彩。 我國少數(shù)民族具有不同的宗教信仰,概括起來可分為原始宗教和神學(xué)宗教。通過圖像、文字等資料考證,原始宗教在我國早在五千年前就已形成,對我國的文化、生活、審美等都產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響,雖然神學(xué)宗教已成為現(xiàn)在人們的主要信仰,但仍有一些少數(shù)民族信仰在原始宗教。原始宗教為多神論、萬物有靈,在我國少數(shù)民族的宗教祭祀活動中最常見的是有關(guān)于風(fēng)雨雷電、日月星辰、江河湖海、山林樹木、動物植物等的崇拜和信仰。 其中,楚雄彝族自治州大姚縣曇華鄉(xiāng)的彝族人崇拜馬纓花,這種崇拜源于一個古老而凄美的神話傳說,由此誕生了該地區(qū)的插花節(jié)。插花節(jié)在千百年的傳承中成為僅次于彝族年最盛大隆重的節(jié)日,也成為當(dāng)?shù)匚幕�、宗教、娛樂的標志性�?jié)日。 如今,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展,原始宗教信仰逐漸淡薄,但它作為一種特殊的文化符號記載著該族群的歷史、宗教、文化等信息。為了保護插花節(jié)儀式文化,插花節(jié)被列為云南省省級非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項目。當(dāng)?shù)卣哑渥鳛橐粋�旅游產(chǎn)業(yè),成為“世界一百個著名的民族傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一�！泵磕甑牟寤ü�(jié)都會迎來四方的香客、學(xué)者、攝影愛好者、游客等,最多時可達萬余人。 曇華彝人在農(nóng)歷二月初八這天把馬纓花插到門口、田邊；插到老人頭帕上,情侶發(fā)髻邊；系在家中牲畜頭上等等祈求五谷豐登、六畜興旺、幸福吉祥、生活美滿。盛大的迎賓儀式、歌舞表演、篝火狂歡、商貿(mào)活動等也為插花節(jié)增添了色彩。 改革開放以來,社會發(fā)生了變化,經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展帶動了文化的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)文化越來越受到現(xiàn)代文明、外來文明的沖擊。插花節(jié)目前正處于傳統(tǒng)文化與現(xiàn)代生活、現(xiàn)代意識的轉(zhuǎn)型期,現(xiàn)代文化對其的變遷與發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動力,使得插花節(jié)從內(nèi)容到形式都發(fā)生著流變。 插花節(jié)是曇華文化的一個集合,在目前受到現(xiàn)代文明沖擊下,怎么保護、如何拯救迫在眉急,要想插花節(jié)能夠不丟失傳統(tǒng)并且融入現(xiàn)代文明,保持民族特色,延續(xù)節(jié)日文化的文脈,就必須處理好插花節(jié)的傳承保護工作。大姚縣體育文化局目前正在將大姚彝族插花節(jié)申報為云南省第二批非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項目,并積極地挖掘整理曇華鄉(xiāng)的有關(guān)資料。 本文通過實地考察、查閱歷史文獻、進行問卷調(diào)查、視頻記錄插花節(jié)儀式音樂對曇華彝族插花節(jié)進行認真系統(tǒng)的分析研究,并對收集到的資料進行了客觀、邏輯的比較、思考、歸納、整理。除緒論外,共分四章：第一章背景介紹共分為兩節(jié),第一節(jié)自然背景從地理位置、氣候環(huán)境等兩個方面進行闡述；第二節(jié)社會背景從民族來源、社會形態(tài)、宗教信仰等三方面進行分析；第二章曇華鄉(xiāng)插花節(jié)儀式共分為兩節(jié),第一節(jié)從儀式源起、儀式程序、儀式功能等三個方面闡述了插花節(jié)儀式；第二節(jié)從儀式環(huán)境、采花、插花、迎賓、祭花神、歌舞樂表演等幾個方面進行了田野實錄。第三章音樂形態(tài)分析從音階、調(diào)式、節(jié)奏、節(jié)拍、唱詞、唱腔、旋法、結(jié)構(gòu)等幾個方面分別對插花節(jié)儀式音樂中的民間歌曲、舞蹈音樂、器樂和畢摩經(jīng)進行了分析。第四章插花節(jié)儀式音樂的傳承與保護共分為三節(jié),第一節(jié)論述了插花節(jié)儀式音樂的傳承與保護的意義；第二節(jié)探究了插花節(jié)儀式音樂的傳承與保護的現(xiàn)狀；第三節(jié)對插花節(jié)儀式音樂的傳承與保護的一些啟發(fā)。 有關(guān)曇華彝族插花節(jié)民俗文化的文獻和著作比較少,研究插花節(jié)儀式音樂的文獻尚未查到。我在研究過程中整理并分析了搜集到的書籍和實況錄像,用了定性分析和定量分析進行研究,且分別從局內(nèi)人和局外人的角度,既“融入”又“跳出”來對插花節(jié)儀式音樂進行探究。此外還用到了宏觀與微觀、比較研究的方法、音樂形態(tài)分析法、歷史研究法,運用逆向考察法等研究方法,把插花節(jié)儀式放入它特定的文化背景中從音樂的角度去研究曇華彝族插花節(jié),真實地記錄并分析了插花節(jié)上的儀式音樂,整理保護即將失傳的曲調(diào),對插花節(jié)的傳承與保護盡了一份微薄之力。
[Abstract]:China's vast territory, meteorological geological diversity, the formation of different ways of production and life, but also the formation of different cultures and different aesthetic values. Especially the minorities in China, mostly living in the frontier of the motherland, there are special geographical location, climate characteristics, the influence of the way of life, the cultural diversity, and colorful.
China's ethnic minorities has different religious beliefs, it can be divided into primitive religion and religious theology. Through the images, text and other information research, the primitive religion in China as early as thousand years ago has been formed, on China's culture, life, aesthetic has profound influence, although the theology of religion has been now the main beliefs of the people, but there are still some ethnic minorities in the primitive religion. Primitive religion as polytheism, animism, the most common in our country minority religious worship in a lightning storm, moon and stars, rivers and lakes, plants such as Yamabayashi Kiki, animal worship and belief.
Among them, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Dayao County township of Tanhua Yi people worship mayinghua, this worship originated from an ancient and beautiful legend, was born in the area. Flowers flower arrangement Festival become in thousands of years after the year of heritage Yi grand festival, has become the local culture, religion, entertainment the symbol of the Festival.
Now, with the development of science and technology information network, the primitive religious beliefs gradually weak, but it is a kind of special cultural symbol records of the ethnic history, religious, cultural and other information. In order to protect the flower festival ritual culture, flower festival was listed as the provincial intangible cultural heritage project in Yunnan Province. The local government as a tourist industry, has become the world's one hundred famous traditional festivals. The annual flower arrangement festival will usher in four pilgrims, scholars, photographers, tourists, most up to million people.
On the 8th day of the second month of the Chinese lunar calendar the Tanhua Yi mayinghua inserted into the door, the edge of the field; the elderly couple is inserted into the headband, hair edge at home; Department of livestock and so on to pray for a bumper grain harvest, The domestic animals are all thriving., happy and auspicious happy life. And the grand welcome ceremony, song and dance performances, bonfires, business activity also adds color to the flowers.
Since the reform and opening up, the change in social and economic development led to the development of culture, traditional culture more and more modern civilization, the impact of foreign culture. The former is in a flower show of traditional culture and modern life, during the transition period of modern consciousness, modern culture has a great impetus to the change and development of the flower, the from content to form a flow.
Flower Festival is a collection of Tanhua culture, how to protect in the impact of modern civilization, and how to save the urgently needed, to flowers can not lose the traditional and modern civilization, maintain national characteristics, the continuation of festivals and cultural context, we must deal with the flower arrangement Festival heritage protection work of Dayao County sports. The cultural bureau is currently Dayao Yi flower arrangement festival in Yunnan province for the declaration of the second batch of intangible cultural heritage projects, and actively organize relevant data mining Tanhua township.
This paper through on-the-spot investigation, historical documents, questionnaires, video recording of flower arrangement Festival ritual music system of Tanhua Yi serious flower arrangement Festival, and the collected data were objective, logical thinking, comparison, induction, consolidation. Except the introduction, is divided into four chapters: the first chapter background this is divided into two sections, the first section of the natural background from two aspects: geographical location, climate and so on; the second section from the social background of ethnic origin, social form, religious belief and other three aspects of the analysis; the second chapter Tanhua Township Flower Festival ceremony is divided into two sections, the first section from ritual origin, ritual, three a ritual function describes the flower arrangement Festival ceremony; the second section from the ceremony, flowers, flowers, blossom, flower festival, several dance music performances and other aspects of the field record. In the third chapter, morphological analysis of music from the scale , tonality, rhythm, rhythm, lyrics, melody, melody, structure and other aspects of flowers in the ritual music of folk songs, dance music, instrumental music and Bimo are analyzed. The inheritance and protection of the fourth chapter flower arrangement Festival ceremony music is divided into three sections, the first section discusses the inheritance and protection flower arrangement Festival ceremony music significance; second section explores the status of protection and inheritance of flower arrangement Festival ceremony music; some inspiration in section third the inheritance and protection of flower arrangement Festival ceremony music.
The flower arrangement festival folk culture Tanhua Yi literature and books to study less, flower arrangement Festival ceremony music literature has not yet been found. I am finishing in the process of research and analysis of the collected books and live video, using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and separately from the insiders and outsiders, both "integration" and "jump" to explore the flower arrangement Festival ritual music. In addition, the use of macro and micro, comparative research method, analysis of music form, historical research method, by using the method of reverse investigation, put it into a flower arrangement Festival ceremony specific cultural background to study flower festival from Tanhua Yi the point of view of music, record and analysis of the flower festival on the ritual music, finishing protection about lost tunes, inheritance and protection to the flower festival as a modest.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：J607;K892.1

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