論湘西土家族民歌的演唱特征
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-05 10:29
【摘要】： 湘西,是一個(gè)即神秘又充滿誘惑的地方,一個(gè)擁有多元文化的地方,一個(gè)集土家族、苗族、白族、侗族等多個(gè)民族音樂文化于一身的寶地。其中,土家族是一個(gè)非常古老的民族,人口眾多,擁有著古遠(yuǎn)的歌舞文化,早在武王伐紂時(shí)就有記載。土家族的民歌有著悠久的歷史和獨(dú)特的魅力。筆者自小生活在湖南張家界,對(duì)湘西土家族的民歌耳熟能詳,同時(shí)也被其深深吸引：那高亢嘹亮的山歌；那優(yōu)美抒情的小調(diào)；那感人肺腑的婚嫁歌；那神秘晦澀的梯瑪歌等等,都在我腦海中打下了深深的烙印。與此同時(shí),筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)湘西土家族民歌具有自身獨(dú)特的演唱風(fēng)格：歌唱中諸多的顫音、波音、滑音、依音等潤腔,以及說與唱巧妙相結(jié)合的處理,使得山歌粗獷中不失禮儀；小調(diào)抒情中不乏潑辣,處處彰顯出湘西土家人堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、樂觀、熱情、直率而又細(xì)膩的個(gè)性。筆者作為土家族人,對(duì)湘西土家族的音樂十分熱愛,尤其是對(duì)其中的民歌,有著十分深厚的情感。面對(duì)目前湘西土家族民歌的傳唱日益減少的境況,筆者作為一名聲樂學(xué)習(xí)者與研究者,深感有責(zé)任和義務(wù)為此做一點(diǎn)工作,這也是寫作本文的目的所在。 本文以史料、綜合文獻(xiàn)、采風(fēng)資料以及筆者多年來對(duì)土家族歌曲演唱的經(jīng)歷為依據(jù),以民族音樂相關(guān)的理論和民族聲樂歌唱的方法為支撐,對(duì)湘西土家族民歌的特征、演唱風(fēng)格做了較為詳細(xì)的論述。文章共分為四大部分,第一章簡(jiǎn)單介紹了湘西土家族的來歷、地理環(huán)境與人文風(fēng)俗,并用比較的方法分析論述了湘西土家族民歌的來源；第二章介紹了湘西土家族民歌的種類,用歸納演繹的方法闡述了其各類民歌的歌詞與音樂特征；第三章闡明了湘西土家族各類民歌的演唱形式,用歸納總結(jié)的方法,對(duì)一些特殊演唱,如：婚嫁歌中的哭腔、山歌中的甩腔、梯瑪歌中的搖移音的唱法,以及湘西土家族各類民歌中顫音的密集處理、波音由疏到密、前后依音的延長等演唱風(fēng)格,做了較為詳細(xì)的論述；結(jié)論部分闡述了準(zhǔn)確把握地方文化對(duì)演唱土家族民歌的必要性,以及筆者對(duì)于土家族民歌現(xiàn)狀的幾點(diǎn)思考與提議。 湘西土家族民歌有著自身獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格,但民歌的傳唱每況日下,其中一些歌種甚至已瀕臨消亡,非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)要求已非常迫切。筆者希望社會(huì)了解湘西土家族民歌的演唱風(fēng)格,體會(huì)到其民歌演唱的魅力,保護(hù)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),推動(dòng)湘西土家族民歌的不斷向前發(fā)展,使土家族民歌在民歌世界的璀璨銀河中永放光華。
[Abstract]:Xiangxi is a mysterious and seductive place, a place with multiculturalism, a treasure land with Tujia, Miao, Bai, Dong and other ethnic music cultures. Among them, Tujia is a very ancient nation, with a large population, with ancient song and dance culture, as early as King Wu logging Zhou has been recorded. Tujia folk songs have a long history and unique charm. Since I was a child in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, the author is familiar with the folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and is also deeply attracted by them: the loud and loud folk songs; the beautiful lyric minor; the touching wedding songs; That mysterious and obscure Tamar song and so on, have laid a deep imprint in my mind. At the same time, the author finds that the Tujia folk songs in western Hunan have their own unique singing style: many vibrato in singing, Boeing, slippage, music and so on, as well as the treatment of the clever combination of speaking and singing, so that the folk songs are rugged without losing etiquette; In minor lyric, there is no lack of pungent, showing Xiangxi Tujia strong, optimistic, enthusiastic, straightforward and delicate personality. As a Tujia, the author loves the music of Tujia in western Hunan, especially the folk songs. In the face of the decreasing singing of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, the author, as a vocal music learner and researcher, has the responsibility and obligation to do some work for this purpose, which is also the purpose of writing this article. Based on the historical materials, comprehensive literature, wind data and the author's singing experience of Tujia songs over the years, based on the theories related to national music and the methods of national vocal music singing, this paper deals with the characteristics of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. The singing style is discussed in detail. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter briefly introduces the origin, geographical environment and human customs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and analyzes and discusses the source of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan by means of comparison. The second chapter introduces the types of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, and expounds the lyrics and music characteristics of all kinds of folk songs by means of induction and deduction. The third chapter expounds the singing forms of all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and uses the method of induction and summary to sing some special songs, such as: crying in marriage songs, swinging in folk songs, singing in Tema songs. As well as the dense treatment of vibrato in all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, Boeing's singing style from sparse to dense, the extension of sound before and after, has been discussed in detail. The conclusion part expounds the necessity of accurately grasping the local culture for singing Tujia folk songs, as well as the author's thoughts and suggestions on the present situation of Tujia folk songs. Folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have their own unique style, but with the passing of folk songs, some of them are even on the verge of extinction, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage is very urgent. The author hopes that the society will understand the singing style of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, experience the charm of singing folk songs, protect intangible cultural heritage, and promote the continuous development of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. Make Tujia folk songs shine forever in the bright Milky way of folk song world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：J616.2
本文編號(hào)：2493465
[Abstract]:Xiangxi is a mysterious and seductive place, a place with multiculturalism, a treasure land with Tujia, Miao, Bai, Dong and other ethnic music cultures. Among them, Tujia is a very ancient nation, with a large population, with ancient song and dance culture, as early as King Wu logging Zhou has been recorded. Tujia folk songs have a long history and unique charm. Since I was a child in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province, the author is familiar with the folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and is also deeply attracted by them: the loud and loud folk songs; the beautiful lyric minor; the touching wedding songs; That mysterious and obscure Tamar song and so on, have laid a deep imprint in my mind. At the same time, the author finds that the Tujia folk songs in western Hunan have their own unique singing style: many vibrato in singing, Boeing, slippage, music and so on, as well as the treatment of the clever combination of speaking and singing, so that the folk songs are rugged without losing etiquette; In minor lyric, there is no lack of pungent, showing Xiangxi Tujia strong, optimistic, enthusiastic, straightforward and delicate personality. As a Tujia, the author loves the music of Tujia in western Hunan, especially the folk songs. In the face of the decreasing singing of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, the author, as a vocal music learner and researcher, has the responsibility and obligation to do some work for this purpose, which is also the purpose of writing this article. Based on the historical materials, comprehensive literature, wind data and the author's singing experience of Tujia songs over the years, based on the theories related to national music and the methods of national vocal music singing, this paper deals with the characteristics of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. The singing style is discussed in detail. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter briefly introduces the origin, geographical environment and human customs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and analyzes and discusses the source of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan by means of comparison. The second chapter introduces the types of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, and expounds the lyrics and music characteristics of all kinds of folk songs by means of induction and deduction. The third chapter expounds the singing forms of all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, and uses the method of induction and summary to sing some special songs, such as: crying in marriage songs, swinging in folk songs, singing in Tema songs. As well as the dense treatment of vibrato in all kinds of folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan, Boeing's singing style from sparse to dense, the extension of sound before and after, has been discussed in detail. The conclusion part expounds the necessity of accurately grasping the local culture for singing Tujia folk songs, as well as the author's thoughts and suggestions on the present situation of Tujia folk songs. Folk songs of Tujia nationality in western Hunan have their own unique style, but with the passing of folk songs, some of them are even on the verge of extinction, and the protection of intangible cultural heritage is very urgent. The author hopes that the society will understand the singing style of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan, experience the charm of singing folk songs, protect intangible cultural heritage, and promote the continuous development of Tujia folk songs in western Hunan. Make Tujia folk songs shine forever in the bright Milky way of folk song world.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：J616.2
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前6條
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