【摘要】：北美紅楓(Acer rubrum)樹(shù)干挺直,材質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬,樹(shù)葉整潔,秋季色彩艷麗,是彩色葉樹(shù)種最具代表的樹(shù)種之一,在國(guó)外已被廣泛應(yīng)用于園林綠化中,也是干旱地防護(hù)林樹(shù)種和風(fēng)景林的重要樹(shù)種。北美紅楓適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng),以單排或雙排種植,常形成景觀大道,色彩繽紛,氣勢(shì)雄偉、壯觀,景觀效果頗佳。本文對(duì)從美國(guó)俄勒岡州波特蘭市引種的5個(gè)北美紅楓觀賞品種進(jìn)行研究,包括物候特征、葉色呈現(xiàn)、生長(zhǎng)特性、在引種栽培區(qū)的越冬、越夏表現(xiàn)、抗病蟲(chóng)害能力等,并進(jìn)行了嫩枝扦插繁殖技術(shù)研究,以期為北美紅楓的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用提供技術(shù)支持。主要研究結(jié)論如下:1.通過(guò)對(duì)原栽培區(qū)和擬引種地兩地之間氣溫、降水量、光照時(shí)間等引種限制因子的對(duì)比,預(yù)測(cè)擬引品種在引種試驗(yàn)地引種成功的可能性。北美紅楓的原栽培區(qū)波特蘭市光照充足、年均降雨量較大,冬季氣溫相對(duì)較高;山東省昌邑市的主要?dú)庀髼l件與原栽培區(qū)有相似之處,但不完全相同,冬季、春季降水量少,夏季高溫高濕,秋冬兩季日照時(shí)間短。所以在引種初期需要注意加強(qiáng)管理,特別是冬春兩季要加強(qiáng)越冬防寒保護(hù)和水分管理,使其逐漸適應(yīng)昌邑當(dāng)?shù)氐男夂颦h(huán)境。2.引種的5個(gè)品種中,‘酒紅’萌芽最早,展葉最早;‘秋石塔’秋葉變色最早,變色期最長(zhǎng)。同一品種的物候期因環(huán)境條件的不同而出現(xiàn)變化,與原產(chǎn)地比較,引進(jìn)的5個(gè)北美紅楓品種的物候期均略有變化,但在同一立地條件下,物候期會(huì)基本穩(wěn)定。3.通過(guò)越冬形態(tài)觀察研究,5個(gè)北美紅楓品種的耐寒性差異明顯。耐寒性強(qiáng)(Ⅰ)的品種為‘秋火焰’,耐寒性較強(qiáng)(Ⅱ)的品種為‘酒紅’、‘秋石塔’、‘秋烈焰’,耐寒性中等(Ⅲ)的品種為‘夏日紅’,耐寒性強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)?‘秋火焰’‘酒紅’‘秋石塔’‘秋烈焰’‘夏日紅’。4.經(jīng)過(guò)夏季實(shí)際觀察記錄,引進(jìn)的5個(gè)北美紅楓品種中,‘秋石塔’、‘秋烈焰’、‘夏日紅’3個(gè)品種生長(zhǎng)正常,長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好;‘秋火焰’有少量新葉葉緣發(fā)生焦邊,‘酒紅’少量葉片焦縮。5個(gè)北美紅楓品種的耐熱性差異明顯,耐熱性強(qiáng)(Ⅰ)的品種為‘夏日紅’,耐熱性較強(qiáng)(Ⅱ)的品種為‘秋烈焰’、‘秋石塔’,耐熱性中等(Ⅲ)的品種為‘酒紅’、‘秋火焰’。5個(gè)品種的耐熱性強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)?‘夏日紅’‘秋烈焰’‘秋石塔’‘酒紅’‘秋火焰’。5.所引種的5個(gè)北美紅楓品種抗病蟲(chóng)害能力較強(qiáng),只發(fā)現(xiàn)少量病蟲(chóng)害種類(lèi),主要有斑衣蠟蟬、黃刺蛾、星天牛等蟲(chóng)害;正常情況下,病害不多,但在植株密度較大、陰濕、通風(fēng)透光條件不好時(shí)病害較為嚴(yán)重。經(jīng)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),不同品種抗病蟲(chóng)害能力有差異,抗病蟲(chóng)害能力強(qiáng)(Ⅰ)的品種是‘秋石塔’;抗病蟲(chóng)害能力較強(qiáng)(Ⅱ)的品種有‘酒紅’、‘秋烈焰’;抗病蟲(chóng)害能力中等(Ⅲ)的品種有‘夏日紅’、‘秋火焰’。5個(gè)品種的抗病蟲(chóng)害能力強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)?‘秋石塔’‘秋烈焰’‘酒紅’‘秋火焰’‘夏日紅’。6.不同基質(zhì)對(duì)嫩枝扦插成活率有影響,5個(gè)品種均在珍珠巖基質(zhì)中的扦插成活率最高。所引種的5個(gè)北美紅楓品種的嫩枝扦插成活率差異明顯,在70.62%-88.05%之間,‘酒紅’的扦插成活率最高,為88.05%,‘秋石塔’的扦插成活率最低,為70.62%。
[Abstract]:The tree trunk of Acer rurum of North America is straight, the material is hard, the leaves are clean and the autumn is bright in color. It is one of the most representative tree species of the color-leaf tree species, and has been widely used in the garden in foreign countries. It is also an important tree species of the arid land-forest tree species and the landscape forest. The red maple in North America has a strong adaptability, and is planted in a single row or in a double row, so that the landscape road is often formed, the color is colorful, the air is magnificent and spectacular, and the landscape effect is good. In this paper, five species of red maple, which were introduced from Portland, Oregon, were studied, including phenological characteristics, leaf color, growth characteristics, overwintering of the introduction and cultivation areas, the more summer performance, and the ability to resist the diseases and insect pests. So as to provide technical support for further popularization and application of the red maple in north america. The main findings are as follows:1. By comparison of the introduction restriction factors such as air temperature, precipitation and light time between the original planting area and the two places to be introduced, the possibility of the introduction test of the proposed variety was predicted. In the original cultivation area of the red maple in North America, the light of Portland is sufficient, the average annual rainfall is high, and the temperature in winter is relatively high; the main meteorological conditions in Changping City of Shandong Province are similar to that of the original cultivation area, but are not exactly the same, in winter, the spring precipitation is low, and the high-temperature and high-humidity in summer, The sunshine time in winter and winter is short. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to strengthening management in the early stage of introduction, especially in winter and spring, to strengthen the winter protection and water management, so as to gradually adapt to the local climate of Changyi. Among the five varieties introduced, the first of the first and the first, the first of the first and the first, and the oldest in the autumn leaves, and the longest in the color-changing period. The phenological period of the same variety has changed due to the different environmental conditions, and the phenological period of the five American red maple varieties introduced in comparison with the country of origin has changed slightly, but the phenological period is basically stable under the same standing condition. The cold resistance of 5 North American red maple varieties was obvious by the overwintering formation observation. The variety of cold resistance (鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2493770