【摘要】：晉北沙化區(qū)位于我國山西省北部的黃土高原農(nóng)牧交錯帶,長期受自然因素和人類活動的綜合影響,出現(xiàn)了土地利用變化劇烈及景觀格局的空間配置不合理等問題,景觀格局的變化又反作用于區(qū)域環(huán)境,因此景觀格局分析是研究景觀格局和生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的重要手段,以此揭示景觀格局和生態(tài)過程的關(guān)系,實現(xiàn)區(qū)域環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本研究以景觀生態(tài)學(xué)為主要理論依據(jù),以地理信息系統(tǒng)、遙感等為技術(shù)支持,通過定量計算和定性分析法研究晉北沙化區(qū)景觀格局及其時空變化特征,建立驅(qū)動因子與景觀類型的Logistic回歸模型,預(yù)測未來不同情景下晉北沙化區(qū)的景觀格局演變趨勢。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,運(yùn)用景觀生態(tài)學(xué)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論,為晉北沙化區(qū)景觀優(yōu)化配置和制定土地利用規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)有效的依據(jù),降低未來發(fā)展過程中的潛在風(fēng)險。主要結(jié)論有:(1)晉北沙化區(qū)土地利用景觀格局主要以耕地、林地、草地景觀類型為主,2000-2010年耕地分布最廣,并且面積減少最多。研究區(qū)土地利用景觀格局在晉北黃土丘陵溝壑區(qū)、大同盆地平原地區(qū)、恒山、五臺山土石山區(qū)存在著分布差異,這客觀的反應(yīng)了由于不同區(qū)域的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)條件和自然條件的差異而導(dǎo)致了各區(qū)域間的景觀格局不同。(2)類型水平的景觀格局特征及時空變化分析可知:耕地是晉北沙化區(qū)占絕對優(yōu)勢的景觀類型,且耕地最大斑塊指數(shù)降低最多,景觀優(yōu)勢度下降,異質(zhì)性增強(qiáng);除工礦用地和鹽堿地外,其他景觀類型的斑塊密度和斑塊個數(shù)均減小,表明斑塊分布趨于規(guī)整,斑塊連片化程度提高,破碎化程度降低;在研究期間內(nèi),耕地、林地、草地三種景觀類型的斑塊指數(shù)都在降低,人類活動增強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致工礦用地和鹽堿地呈增加趨勢,斑塊形狀趨于復(fù)雜。(3)景觀水平的景觀格局特征及時空變化分析可知:晉北沙化區(qū)斑塊分布集中,破碎化程度降低,斑塊間的連通性增大;景觀要素趨于多樣化發(fā)展,景觀異質(zhì)性提高,景觀類型從單一型轉(zhuǎn)化為多元型,趨于穩(wěn)定發(fā)展;景觀整體聚集度和蔓延度增加,斑塊間的空間關(guān)系趨于聚合。(4)基于CLUE-S模型以2000年土地利用景觀格局模擬2010年土地利用景觀格局,經(jīng)Kappa驗證系數(shù)為0.9244,模擬效果非常理想,證明CLUE-S模型能夠很好的模擬晉北沙化區(qū)土地利用景觀格局。(5)以2010年的土地利用景觀格局為基年數(shù)據(jù),設(shè)定自然發(fā)展情景、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展情景和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情景3種情景,模擬2020年晉北沙化區(qū)的土地利用景觀格局變化,結(jié)果表明,3種模擬情景下的土地利用景觀格局在空間上存在差異。并針對晉北沙化區(qū)的復(fù)雜景觀格局提出對策。
[Abstract]:The sandy area of northern Shanxi Province is located in the interlaced zone of agriculture and animal husbandry on the Loess Plateau in the northern part of Shanxi Province of China. Under the comprehensive influence of natural factors and human activities for a long time, there are some problems, such as severe land use change and unreasonable spatial allocation of landscape pattern, and so on. Therefore, landscape pattern analysis is an important means to study landscape pattern and ecological environment change, in order to reveal the relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process, and to realize the sustainable development of regional environment. Taking landscape ecology as the main theoretical basis, geographical information system and remote sensing as technical support, the landscape pattern and its spatio-temporal change characteristics in the sandy area of northern Shanxi are studied by quantitative calculation and qualitative analysis, and the characteristics of landscape pattern and spatial-temporal change are studied by quantitative calculation and qualitative analysis. The Logistic regression model of driving factor and landscape type was established to predict the evolution trend of landscape pattern in the sandy area of North Shanxi under different scenarios in the future. On this basis, the theory of landscape ecology and sustainable development is used to provide scientific and effective basis for landscape optimal allocation and land use planning in the sandy area of North Shanxi, and to reduce the potential risk in the future development process. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the landscape pattern of land use in the sandy area of North Shanxi is mainly cultivated land, woodland and grassland landscape type. The distribution of cultivated land from 2000 to 2010 is the broadest, and the area decreases the most. The landscape pattern of land use in the study area is different in loess hilly and gully area, Datong basin plain area, Hengshan mountain and Wutai mountain area. This objectively reflects the different landscape patterns among different regions due to the differences in socio-economic and natural conditions in different regions. (2) the analysis of landscape pattern characteristics and spatio-temporal changes at the type level indicates that cultivated land is cultivated land. It is the dominant landscape type in the sandy area of northern Shanxi. Moreover, the maximum patch index of cultivated land decreased the most, the landscape dominance decreased, and the heterogeneity increased. The patch density and patch number of other landscape types decreased except for industrial and mineral land and saline-alkali land, indicating that the patch distribution tended to be regular, the patch fragmentation degree increased, and the fragmentation degree decreased. During the study period, the patch index of the three landscape types of cultivated land, woodland and grassland all decreased, and the enhancement of human activities led to an increasing trend of industrial and mining land and saline-alkali land. The patch shape tends to be complex. (3) the landscape pattern characteristics and spatio-temporal changes of landscape level show that the patch distribution is concentrated, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the connectivity between patches increases in the sandy area of North Shanxi; Landscape elements tend to diversified development, landscape heterogeneity is improved, landscape types from single type to multi-type, tend to stable development; The spatial relationship between patches tends to aggregate with the increase of landscape aggregation and creeping degree. (4) based on the CLUE-S model, the land use landscape pattern of 2010 was simulated based on the land use landscape pattern in 2000, and the Kappa verified coefficient was 0.9244, The simulation result is very ideal, which proves that the CLUE-S model can simulate the land use landscape pattern well in the sandy area of North Shanxi Province. (5) taking the land use landscape pattern of 2010 as the base year data, the natural development scenario is set up. Three scenarios of coordinated development and economic development were used to simulate the changes of land use landscape pattern in the sandy area of North Shanxi in 2020. The results showed that there were spatial differences in the landscape pattern of land use under the three scenarios. And put forward countermeasures to the complex landscape pattern in the sandy area of North Shanxi.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P901

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