不同土地利用類型下河岸帶草本植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其影響因素
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-11 02:10
【摘要】：河岸帶作為流域景觀中一個重要的地理單元,是河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)與陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)連接的重要紐帶,其特殊的生境使其具有明顯的邊緣效應(yīng),能為各種生物提供棲息地,并具有較高的生物多樣性。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)、城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展以及人為干擾影響的增強(qiáng),河岸帶植被,尤其是草本植物的退化和消失現(xiàn)象明顯。而土地利用與河岸帶物種多樣性密切相關(guān),因此研究人為活動下植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其影響因素有助于進(jìn)一步了解人類對河岸帶生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的干擾程度,為河岸帶植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的保護(hù)與管理提供理論依據(jù)。本研究分別于2012年、2014年對太湖流域三條入湖河流在不同土地利用類型(林地、農(nóng)田、村鎮(zhèn))相鄰的自然河岸帶草本植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,同時于2014年1月(冬季)、4月(春季)、8月(夏季)采集了三個不同時期河岸帶的土壤樣品,進(jìn)行室內(nèi)幼苗萌發(fā)實驗研究種子庫的動態(tài)變化。通過土壤種子庫與地表物種數(shù)的相似性研究,探討了土壤種子庫對河岸帶群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,通過河岸帶草本植物物種多樣性與環(huán)境因子關(guān)系,解析環(huán)境因素對草本植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。本研究得到以下主要結(jié)論如下：(1)對2014年地表植物進(jìn)行調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同土地利用類型下,河岸帶草本植物共有有23科50屬55種,其中以一年生禾本科和菊科植物為主。不同土地利用下草本植物物種數(shù)的大小關(guān)系分別為村鎮(zhèn)(44)農(nóng)田(34)林地(33)。(2)比較2012年與2014年河岸帶草本植物的物種數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)兩年的相同物種數(shù)僅為29種,占各自總物種數(shù)的58%和53%。物種組成上來看,2012年林地、農(nóng)田、村鎮(zhèn)的物種數(shù)分別為28種、40種、40種；2014年林地、農(nóng)田、村鎮(zhèn)的物種數(shù)分別為為33種、34種、44種；一年生草本植物在不同年際中均占有優(yōu)勢地位,其中2014年一年生植物物種高于2012年,而多年生植物在兩年時間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定變化；同時,部分在2012年存在的物種,2014年已經(jīng)消失,并有了新物種的替代。(3)研究不同土地利用類型下河岸帶土壤種子庫的季節(jié)變化,結(jié)果表明：三個季節(jié),共萌發(fā)21科54屬59種草本植物,從生活型來看,一年生草本植物在土壤種子庫萌發(fā)物種中占總物種數(shù)的64%,而多年生草本植物則占總物種數(shù)的19%。從物種組成上來看,冬季、春季、夏季的萌發(fā)數(shù)分別為33種、44種、40種。河岸帶土壤種子庫物種較地上植被物種更加豐富。此外,春季土壤種子庫儲量較夏季和冬季大,為21532.9±8798.9粒/m2,且農(nóng)田的種子庫儲量高于林地和村鎮(zhèn)。同時,不同季節(jié)土壤種子庫的物種多樣性表現(xiàn)為：冬季受人為干擾影響較弱,林地的種子庫物種多樣性高于農(nóng)田和村鎮(zhèn),而春季和夏季,林地的物種多樣性顯著低于農(nóng)田和村鎮(zhèn)。(4)分析不同土地類型下河岸帶土壤種子庫的空間垂直變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)河岸帶土壤種子庫在0-15cm土層均有不同的分布,且大多呈隨著土層深度的加深,不同土地利用下土壤種子庫儲量、物種組成以及物種多樣性逐漸下降的規(guī)律。另外,由于不同季節(jié)的干擾程度不同,土壤種子庫在農(nóng)田和村鎮(zhèn)的變化差異也不斷發(fā)生,干擾嚴(yán)重的季節(jié),種子向下層移動明顯。(5)河岸帶土壤種子庫與地表植物的共同物種有38種,且種子庫萌發(fā)的物種數(shù)多于地表植物的物種數(shù),僅在土壤種子庫種出現(xiàn)的物種數(shù)有21種,而僅在地表植物出現(xiàn)的有17種,物種相似性為0.667。不同的生活型、不同土地利用類型下種子庫與地表植物物種的相似性集中在60%-80%,相似性較高。表明該土壤種子庫對河岸帶群落結(jié)構(gòu)的恢復(fù)有重要的作用。(6)對河岸帶草本植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其環(huán)境因子響應(yīng)的模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同土地利用類型、河岸帶的坡向以及土壤pH值均會影響地表植物物種豐富度。陽坡的物種豐富度高于陰坡；下游為林地的土地利用下,pH值較高,物種數(shù)居中,而農(nóng)田土地利用下pH值最低,物種數(shù)也相應(yīng)降低。河岸帶受水體影響較大,種子向下移動,在下游為林地的土地利用類型下物種數(shù)較高；村鎮(zhèn)不同河流段的物種數(shù)有顯著性差異,可能是受人為干擾程度不同而導(dǎo)致的。
[Abstract]:The riparian zone, as an important geographical unit in the landscape of the river basin, is an important link between the river ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem, and its special habitat has obvious edge effect, can provide habitat for various organisms, and has higher biological diversity. With the development of agriculture and urbanization and the increase of the influence of man-made interference, the vegetation of the riparian zone, especially the degradation and disappearance of the herbaceous plants, is obvious. Land use is closely related to the species diversity of the riparian zone, so the study of the plant community structure and its influencing factors in the study of man-made activities can help to understand the extent of the disturbance of the human to the riparian zone ecosystem, and provide the theoretical basis for the protection and management of the plant community structure of the riparian zone. The study of the community structure of the natural river banks with different land use types (forestland, farmland, and town) in the Taihu basin in 2012 and 2014 was investigated, and in January 2014 (winter), April (spring), In August (summer), three soil samples with different riparian bands were collected, and the dynamic changes of the seed bank were studied. The effect of soil seed bank on the community structure of the riparian zone was studied by the similarity of the soil seed bank and the surface species number, and the effect of environmental factors on the structure of the herb community was analyzed through the relationship between the species diversity and the environmental factors of the river bank. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) There are 55 species of 50 genera of 23 families in the river bank with different land use types under different land use types, including annual Gramineae and Compositae plants. The size relation of the number of the herb species under different land use is the farmland (34) and the forest land (33) of the village (44), respectively. (2) The number of species of herbaceous plants in the riparian band in 2012 and 2014 was compared, and the number of the same species in two years was found to be only 29 species, accounting for 58% and 53% of the total species. On the basis of species composition, the number of species of forest land, farmland and town in 2012 is 28 species, 40 species and 40 species, respectively. The number of species in forest land, farmland and town in 2014 is 33 species, 34 species and 44 species, respectively. Of these, the annual plant species in 2014 were higher than in 2012 and the perennial plants were stable over the last two years; at the same time, some of the species present in 2012 have disappeared in 2014 and have been replaced by new species. (3) The seasonal variation of the soil seed bank of the riparian zone under different land use types was studied. The results showed that, in the three seasons, there were 59 species of 54 genera of the 21 families, and the annual herb accounted for 64% of the total species in the soil seed bank. and the perennial herbs account for 19% of the total species. From the species composition, the number of germination in winter, spring and summer is 33 species, 44 species and 40 species, respectively. The species of the soil seed bank in the riparian zone is richer than that on the ground. in addition, that reserve of the soil seed bank in spring is great in the sum of summer and winter, and is 21532.9-87998. 9/ m2, and the storage of the seed bank in the field is higher than that of the forestland and the village. At the same time, the species diversity of the soil seed bank in different seasons is as follows: the winter is affected by man-made interference, the diversity of the seed bank of the forest land is higher than that of the farmland and the town, and the species diversity of the forest land is obviously lower than that of the farmland and the village in the spring and the summer. (4) analyzing the spatial vertical change of the soil seed bank of the riparian zone under different land types, and finding that the soil seed bank of the riparian zone has different distribution in the 0-15cm soil layer, Species composition and the gradual decline of species diversity. In addition, due to the different degree of interference in different seasons, the variation of the soil seed bank in the farmland and the village and the village is also taking place, and the seeds move to the lower layer obviously during the severe season. (5) There are 38 species of the soil seed bank and the surface plant in the riparian zone, and the number of species in the seed bank is more than that of the surface plants, and there are only 21 species in the soil seed bank, and only 17 species are present in the surface plants, and the species similarity is 0. 667. The similarity of the seed bank and the surface plant species in different land-use types is in the range of 60% -80% and the similarity is high. It is shown that the soil seed bank plays an important role in the restoration of the community structure of the riparian zone. (6) The structure of the plant community and the response of the environmental factors of the plant community in the riparian zone were simulated, and different land use types, the slope of the riparian zone and the soil pH were found to affect the richness of the plant species on the surface. The species richness of the male slope is higher than that of the negative slope; in the land use of the forest land downstream, the pH value is higher and the number of species is the middle, and the pH value of the land use of the farmland is the lowest, and the number of species is correspondingly reduced. The water of the riparian zone is affected by the water body, the seeds move downwards, and the species number is higher at the lower reaches of the land use type of the forest land; the species number of the different river sections of the villages and towns has a significant difference, which can be caused by the difference of the man-made interference degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q948
本文編號：2371662
[Abstract]:The riparian zone, as an important geographical unit in the landscape of the river basin, is an important link between the river ecosystem and the terrestrial ecosystem, and its special habitat has obvious edge effect, can provide habitat for various organisms, and has higher biological diversity. With the development of agriculture and urbanization and the increase of the influence of man-made interference, the vegetation of the riparian zone, especially the degradation and disappearance of the herbaceous plants, is obvious. Land use is closely related to the species diversity of the riparian zone, so the study of the plant community structure and its influencing factors in the study of man-made activities can help to understand the extent of the disturbance of the human to the riparian zone ecosystem, and provide the theoretical basis for the protection and management of the plant community structure of the riparian zone. The study of the community structure of the natural river banks with different land use types (forestland, farmland, and town) in the Taihu basin in 2012 and 2014 was investigated, and in January 2014 (winter), April (spring), In August (summer), three soil samples with different riparian bands were collected, and the dynamic changes of the seed bank were studied. The effect of soil seed bank on the community structure of the riparian zone was studied by the similarity of the soil seed bank and the surface species number, and the effect of environmental factors on the structure of the herb community was analyzed through the relationship between the species diversity and the environmental factors of the river bank. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) There are 55 species of 50 genera of 23 families in the river bank with different land use types under different land use types, including annual Gramineae and Compositae plants. The size relation of the number of the herb species under different land use is the farmland (34) and the forest land (33) of the village (44), respectively. (2) The number of species of herbaceous plants in the riparian band in 2012 and 2014 was compared, and the number of the same species in two years was found to be only 29 species, accounting for 58% and 53% of the total species. On the basis of species composition, the number of species of forest land, farmland and town in 2012 is 28 species, 40 species and 40 species, respectively. The number of species in forest land, farmland and town in 2014 is 33 species, 34 species and 44 species, respectively. Of these, the annual plant species in 2014 were higher than in 2012 and the perennial plants were stable over the last two years; at the same time, some of the species present in 2012 have disappeared in 2014 and have been replaced by new species. (3) The seasonal variation of the soil seed bank of the riparian zone under different land use types was studied. The results showed that, in the three seasons, there were 59 species of 54 genera of the 21 families, and the annual herb accounted for 64% of the total species in the soil seed bank. and the perennial herbs account for 19% of the total species. From the species composition, the number of germination in winter, spring and summer is 33 species, 44 species and 40 species, respectively. The species of the soil seed bank in the riparian zone is richer than that on the ground. in addition, that reserve of the soil seed bank in spring is great in the sum of summer and winter, and is 21532.9-87998. 9/ m2, and the storage of the seed bank in the field is higher than that of the forestland and the village. At the same time, the species diversity of the soil seed bank in different seasons is as follows: the winter is affected by man-made interference, the diversity of the seed bank of the forest land is higher than that of the farmland and the town, and the species diversity of the forest land is obviously lower than that of the farmland and the village in the spring and the summer. (4) analyzing the spatial vertical change of the soil seed bank of the riparian zone under different land types, and finding that the soil seed bank of the riparian zone has different distribution in the 0-15cm soil layer, Species composition and the gradual decline of species diversity. In addition, due to the different degree of interference in different seasons, the variation of the soil seed bank in the farmland and the village and the village is also taking place, and the seeds move to the lower layer obviously during the severe season. (5) There are 38 species of the soil seed bank and the surface plant in the riparian zone, and the number of species in the seed bank is more than that of the surface plants, and there are only 21 species in the soil seed bank, and only 17 species are present in the surface plants, and the species similarity is 0. 667. The similarity of the seed bank and the surface plant species in different land-use types is in the range of 60% -80% and the similarity is high. It is shown that the soil seed bank plays an important role in the restoration of the community structure of the riparian zone. (6) The structure of the plant community and the response of the environmental factors of the plant community in the riparian zone were simulated, and different land use types, the slope of the riparian zone and the soil pH were found to affect the richness of the plant species on the surface. The species richness of the male slope is higher than that of the negative slope; in the land use of the forest land downstream, the pH value is higher and the number of species is the middle, and the pH value of the land use of the farmland is the lowest, and the number of species is correspondingly reduced. The water of the riparian zone is affected by the water body, the seeds move downwards, and the species number is higher at the lower reaches of the land use type of the forest land; the species number of the different river sections of the villages and towns has a significant difference, which can be caused by the difference of the man-made interference degree.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q948
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉華;蔣齊;王占軍;潘占兵;;不同封育年限寧夏荒漠草原土壤種子庫研究[J];水土保持研究;2011年05期
，本文編號：2371662
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