葛漁城自然保護區(qū)生態(tài)格局及質(zhì)量評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 11:48
【摘要】：自然保護區(qū)的建立是保護生物多樣性的重要途徑和措施,在維持區(qū)域生態(tài)平衡、促進科學研究等方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。在全球經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展的今天,保護區(qū)的數(shù)量不斷增多,如何科學、合理地評估保護區(qū)生態(tài)格局和環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀已成為制約保護區(qū)建設和發(fā)展的重要問題,可見開展自然保護區(qū)研究工作對我國自然保護區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和管理具有重要意義。本文以葛漁城自然保護區(qū)為研究對象,結(jié)合RS和GIS技術對研究區(qū)域的生態(tài)格局和生態(tài)質(zhì)量進行綜合評價和分析,主要研究結(jié)果如下：2009-2013年,研究區(qū)主要生態(tài)景觀類型是耕地、園地和林地,三種地類覆蓋面積占總面積大小的80%以上；各地類的面積變化最大的是林地,期問面積減少了3.39%；速度變化最顯著的是交通運輸用地,增長速率為33.16%；土地利用類型變化速率呈增加態(tài)勢,其綜合動態(tài)度值為1.21%,說明整體變化速度較緩；各土地利用之問存在著不同程度的類型轉(zhuǎn)移,主要轉(zhuǎn)出類型是林地和園地,主要轉(zhuǎn)入類型是耕地和交通運輸用地,而耕地、園地和林地之間相互轉(zhuǎn)化的幅度較大；從土地利用程度綜合指數(shù)增加了5.99和變化率R為0.02結(jié)果可知,其土地利用程度略高且處于緩慢發(fā)展的時期。本文選取10個景觀格局指數(shù)對研究區(qū)的生態(tài)景觀格局進行分析。結(jié)果表明：研究期間景觀破碎程度加重,斑塊分布更加分散,如景觀斑塊數(shù)量值由1108增加到1137,蔓延度值由47.4397減少到46.5214；從景觀空間復雜性看,各斑塊平均斑塊分維數(shù)值接近于1,說明景觀斑塊形狀趨于簡單化；景觀多樣性指數(shù)由2.9223減小到2.7164,最大斑塊指數(shù)值15.753降低到15.3776,說明景觀多樣性程度下降,受到外界干擾的強度增加,景觀格局穩(wěn)定性下降。在此基礎上,利用PSR模型從壓力、狀態(tài)、響應三方面綜合考慮,建立葛漁城自然保護區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價指標體系；運用專家打分與層次分析法相結(jié)合的方式,得到各指標因子的權重值；最后利用綜合評價模型獲得研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合得分,其分值為0.3730,評價等級為四級,說明該保護區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況較差。同時,針對葛漁城自然保護區(qū)存在的主要問題,提出了生態(tài)環(huán)境恢復對策和建議,為今后更好地開展保護區(qū)的保護工作提供合理的借鑒和參考。
[Abstract]:The establishment of nature reserves is an important way and measure to protect biodiversity, which plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting scientific research. With the rapid development of the global economy, the number of protected areas is increasing. How to scientifically and reasonably assess the ecological pattern and environmental status of protected areas has become an important problem that restricts the construction and development of protected areas. Therefore, the research on nature reserves is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and management of nature reserves in China. This paper takes Geyucheng Nature Reserve as the research object, combined with RS and GIS technology to evaluate and analyze the ecological pattern and ecological quality of the study area. The main results are as follows: 2009-2013, The main ecological landscape types in the study area are cultivated land, garden land and woodland. The coverage area of three land types accounts for more than 80% of the total area. The most significant change of the area of each area is woodland, the intersectional area decreases 3.39%, the most significant change of speed is traffic and transportation land, the growth rate is 33.16%. The change rate of land use type is increasing, and its comprehensive dynamic degree is 1.21, which indicates that the overall change rate is slow; There are different types of land use transfer, mainly forest land and garden land, mainly cultivated land and transportation land, while cultivated land, garden land and forest land transform each other. According to the result that the comprehensive index of land use increased by 5.99 and the rate of change R was 0.02, the land use degree was slightly higher and was in the period of slow development. In this paper, 10 indices of landscape pattern were selected to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the study area. The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased and the distribution of patches became more dispersed, such as the number of patches increased from 1108 to 1137, and the value of spreading decreased from 47.4397 to 46.5214; From the view of landscape spatial complexity, the fractal dimension of each patch is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape patch shape tends to be simplified. The landscape diversity index decreased from 2.9223 to 2.7164, and the maximum patch index decreased from 15.753 to 15.3776, which indicated that the degree of landscape diversity decreased, the intensity of external disturbance increased, and the stability of landscape pattern decreased. On this basis, using PSR model from three aspects of pressure, state, response comprehensive consideration, the establishment of Geyucheng Nature Reserve ecological environment quality evaluation index system; Using the combination of expert scoring and Analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index factor is obtained. Finally, the comprehensive score of ecological environment quality in the study area was obtained by using the comprehensive evaluation model, the score was 0.3730, and the evaluation grade was four grades, which indicated that the ecological environment quality of the reserve was poor. At the same time, in view of the main problems existing in Geyucheng Nature Reserve, the countermeasures and suggestions of ecological environment restoration are put forward, which can provide reasonable reference and reference for better protection of protected areas in the future.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826
本文編號：2333229
[Abstract]:The establishment of nature reserves is an important way and measure to protect biodiversity, which plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting scientific research. With the rapid development of the global economy, the number of protected areas is increasing. How to scientifically and reasonably assess the ecological pattern and environmental status of protected areas has become an important problem that restricts the construction and development of protected areas. Therefore, the research on nature reserves is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and management of nature reserves in China. This paper takes Geyucheng Nature Reserve as the research object, combined with RS and GIS technology to evaluate and analyze the ecological pattern and ecological quality of the study area. The main results are as follows: 2009-2013, The main ecological landscape types in the study area are cultivated land, garden land and woodland. The coverage area of three land types accounts for more than 80% of the total area. The most significant change of the area of each area is woodland, the intersectional area decreases 3.39%, the most significant change of speed is traffic and transportation land, the growth rate is 33.16%. The change rate of land use type is increasing, and its comprehensive dynamic degree is 1.21, which indicates that the overall change rate is slow; There are different types of land use transfer, mainly forest land and garden land, mainly cultivated land and transportation land, while cultivated land, garden land and forest land transform each other. According to the result that the comprehensive index of land use increased by 5.99 and the rate of change R was 0.02, the land use degree was slightly higher and was in the period of slow development. In this paper, 10 indices of landscape pattern were selected to analyze the ecological landscape pattern of the study area. The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation increased and the distribution of patches became more dispersed, such as the number of patches increased from 1108 to 1137, and the value of spreading decreased from 47.4397 to 46.5214; From the view of landscape spatial complexity, the fractal dimension of each patch is close to 1, which indicates that the landscape patch shape tends to be simplified. The landscape diversity index decreased from 2.9223 to 2.7164, and the maximum patch index decreased from 15.753 to 15.3776, which indicated that the degree of landscape diversity decreased, the intensity of external disturbance increased, and the stability of landscape pattern decreased. On this basis, using PSR model from three aspects of pressure, state, response comprehensive consideration, the establishment of Geyucheng Nature Reserve ecological environment quality evaluation index system; Using the combination of expert scoring and Analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each index factor is obtained. Finally, the comprehensive score of ecological environment quality in the study area was obtained by using the comprehensive evaluation model, the score was 0.3730, and the evaluation grade was four grades, which indicated that the ecological environment quality of the reserve was poor. At the same time, in view of the main problems existing in Geyucheng Nature Reserve, the countermeasures and suggestions of ecological environment restoration are put forward, which can provide reasonable reference and reference for better protection of protected areas in the future.
【學位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826
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