【摘要】：我國西南片區(qū)作為一個多樣統(tǒng)一性的地域,許多古民族在此生息繁衍,交流來往。在這里亞熱帶與熱帶氣候逐漸過渡,頻繁的民族遷徙和各民族的文化交往,構(gòu)成了多樣的生活模式和多彩的民族文化。從青藏高原奔騰南下的金沙江、瀾滄江、怒江三大河流,有益于這里的民族遷徙和文化傳播,兩進兩出云南省的金沙江滋養(yǎng)了沿岸河谷的傣族、苗族、傈僳族等少數(shù)民族聚落。這里崇山峻嶺,交通封閉,也存留住了一部分原始、樸實的聚落。然而在現(xiàn)代化、城市化、工業(yè)化的沖擊下這些聚落面臨著蛻變或者消失。金沙江河谷傣族作為一個脫離了以西雙版納為核心的傣族文化圈,不僅要面對以上困擾,他們更需要了解“我們是誰?我們從哪里來?我們要到哪里去?”的問題�；诖吮尘�,首先講述金沙江河谷傣族的定義和來源,進一步了解金沙江河谷傣族所處的地理氣候環(huán)境、自然資源和社會經(jīng)濟概況。再通過田野調(diào)查和文獻查等方式分析聚落分布形式、生態(tài)環(huán)境和地域文化,深入的剖析金沙江河谷傣族聚落的空間構(gòu)成和景素形態(tài),其中景素形態(tài)包括水域景觀、建筑景觀、植被景觀、道路景觀、設(shè)施景觀五大方面。最后結(jié)合三個案例,分別借鑒其“保護之道”、“藝術(shù)之道”、“文化之道”,便于下章提出金沙江河谷傣族聚落景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計的模式。通過第一、二章的分析,開始對金沙江河谷傣族聚落的景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計做出探討。首先了解到該區(qū)域的聚落景觀面臨缺乏科學(xué)的規(guī)劃指導(dǎo)和民族歸屬感弱兩大病癥,再確立好景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計的思路和目標,需堅守的設(shè)計原則。最后提出堅持聚落形態(tài)鄉(xiāng)土化,景素差異化,文態(tài)多元化,場地精神化這四化中展開聚落的保護與發(fā)展。在此聚落形態(tài)鄉(xiāng)土化體現(xiàn)在建筑景觀、道路景觀和公共服務(wù)設(shè)施；景素差異化體現(xiàn)在農(nóng)田景觀、林果園景觀和水域景觀；文態(tài)多元化體現(xiàn)在“和而不同,合和而生”；場所精神化體現(xiàn)在聚落庭院和街巷綠化,聚落公共綠地和外緣綠化。最后結(jié)合華坪縣龍井村景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計這一實際案例將總結(jié)的模式加以運用驗證。本文以華坪縣龍井村、永仁縣永興傣族鄉(xiāng)永興村和拉姑村、大姚縣灣碧傣族傈僳族鄉(xiāng)灣碧村、武定縣東坡傣族鄉(xiāng)東坡村具有代表性的五個傣族村落為研究對象。同時與以西雙版納為核心的傳統(tǒng)傣族文化圈和同樣不信奉小乘佛教的“花腰傣”做對比分析,得到該區(qū)域的文化“共性”與“個性”,探索出適用于金沙江河谷傣族的景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計的手法,梳理聚落文化肌理、明晰聚落民俗民風(fēng)、優(yōu)化聚落生態(tài)環(huán)境、增強空間民族符號、凝聚村寨民族認同感。
[Abstract]:As a region of diversity and unity, many ancient nationalities lived and exchanged with each other. Here the subtropical and tropical climate gradually transition frequent ethnic migration and cultural exchanges of various nationalities constitute a variety of life patterns and colorful national culture. Three major rivers, Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River, which are running south from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, are beneficial to the ethnic migration and cultural transmission here. The Jinsha River in and out of Yunnan Province nourishes the Dai, Miao, Lisu and other ethnic minority settlements along the river valley along the coast of Yunnan Province. Here the mountains, traffic is closed, but also a part of the original, simple settlement. However, under the impact of modernization, urbanization and industrialization, these settlements are facing transformation or disappearance. As a Dai culture circle with Xishuangbanna as the core, Dai people in Jinsha River Valley not only have to face the above troubles, but also need to know "who are we?" Where are we from? Where are we going? " The question of Based on this background, the definition and source of Dai nationality in Jinsha River Valley are introduced, and the geographical climate, natural resources and social economy of Dai nationality in Jinsha River Valley are further understood. Through field investigation and literature review, this paper analyzes the distribution form of settlements, ecological environment and regional culture, and deeply analyzes the spatial composition and landscape form of Dai settlements in the Jinsha River valley, in which landscape forms include water landscape, architectural landscape, etc. Vegetation landscape, road landscape, facility landscape five major aspects. Finally, three cases are used for reference, such as "the way of Protection", "the Road of Art" and "the Road of Culture", which is convenient for the next chapter to put forward the planning and design model of Dai settlement landscape in Jinsha River Valley. Through the analysis of the first and second chapters, the landscape planning and design of Dai settlements in Jinsha River Valley are discussed. First, it is known that the settlement landscape in this area is faced with two major diseases: the lack of scientific planning guidance and the weak sense of national belonging. Then, the design principles that need to be adhered to are established to establish the ideas and objectives of landscape planning and design. In the end, the author puts forward the protection and development of settlement in the four aspects of settlement form localization, landscape differentiation, cultural diversity and site spirit. The vernacular form of settlement is embodied in architectural landscape, road landscape and public service facilities; landscape differentiation is reflected in farmland landscape, forest orchard landscape and water landscape; The spirit of the place is embodied in the greening of the residential courtyard and streets, and the greening of the public green space and the outer edge of the settlement. Finally, combined with the landscape planning and design of Longjing Village, Huaping County, this practical case will be summed up to verify the application of the model. This paper takes five representative Dai villages in Longjing Village of Huaping County, Yongxing Dai Village and Lagu Village in Yongren County, Wan Bi Village in Bay Bi Dai nationality in Dayao County and Dongpo Village in Dongpo County of Wuding County as research objects. At the same time, it is compared with the traditional Dai cultural circle with Xishuangbanna as the core and the "Huayao Dai", which also does not believe in the Hinayana Buddhism, and obtains the "commonness" and "individuality" of the culture in this area. This paper explores the methods of landscape planning and design for Dai nationality in Jinsha River valley, combs the texture of settlement culture, clarifies the folk customs of settlement, optimizes the ecological environment of settlement, strengthens the space national symbol, and condenses the national identity of village.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU982.29

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