松柏類植物景觀調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-20 13:21
【摘要】：松柏類植物是裸子植物中最重要的類群,具有較高的經(jīng)濟與景觀價值,但在園林景觀中沒有得到充分重視。本文通過研究松柏類植物的自然資源、觀賞特性、文化特性等方面,從統(tǒng)一性與多樣性的角度總結(jié)這一專類植物。研究結(jié)合典型案例的調(diào)查,挖掘松柏類植物在實際景觀運用中的獨特個性,總結(jié)各園林尺度及類型下松柏類植物的配置模式,突破松柏類植物景觀運用中的傳統(tǒng)局限,為今后松柏類植物的景觀營造提出建議。本文以文獻檢索入手,結(jié)合大量的案例調(diào)研,緊密圍繞松柏類植物景觀資源、景觀特征與營造模式展開定性分析,主要得出以下結(jié)論:1、從景觀資源上,松柏類植物在我國呈現(xiàn)出“歷史起源古老、森林面積廣袤、資源分布不均”的總體特征。物種數(shù)量上,松科植物在松柏類植物資源中占據(jù)絕對優(yōu)勢;分布面積上,松科、杉科、柏科植物組成了廣袤的針葉林,通常占據(jù)群落頂層,在同一生態(tài)位中優(yōu)勢明顯,與伴生的植物形成鮮明層次。松柏類植物的自然景觀差異性大,有陰暗針葉林、明亮針葉林、針闊混交林等地帶特征明顯的森林類型。2、從觀賞特性上,松柏類植物一般呈塔形或圓錐形,樹冠對稱、樹體高大。松科、杉科等以疏松明快的質(zhì)感為主。柏科則多表現(xiàn)為稠密郁閉的特征。松柏類植物的葉和球果是辨別具體種的重要特征,并與樹皮、根系一道成為松柏最具觀賞價值和藝術(shù)情趣的特征。松柏類植物在經(jīng)歷物候變化時可產(chǎn)生松濤、霧凇等自然奇觀;落葉松屬、水杉屬、落羽杉屬下的松柏類植物是季相變化顯著的松柏類植物。3、從景觀應用上,松柏類植物在“面狀”、“片狀”、“線狀”、“點狀”等不同尺度下可形成了其他類型植物所不可替代的植物景觀。在風景名勝區(qū)、自然保護區(qū)、皇家園林等類型中常表現(xiàn)出面狀與片狀的植物群體美;在陵園、道路等景觀類型中常以規(guī)則的形式線狀布置,形成具有引導性與對稱性的序列景觀;在古典私家園林、城市公園、植物專類園中通常以點狀形式栽植,注重植物的文化性與單體姿態(tài)。4、從配置模式上,松柏類植物以“喬木—灌叢地被”的模式最為常見,主要運用于草坪類景觀、郊野森林景觀及濱水的大尺度景觀類型中;“喬木—灌木—地被”的復層結(jié)構(gòu)主要運用于中小尺度的紀念型景觀與園林空間中。為保持景觀統(tǒng)一性,突出高聳挺拔特征,同一群落層內(nèi)不建議松柏類植物與其他類型的植物相搭配;在不同層次內(nèi),配置鮮艷的觀花及觀果的喬灌木則會襯托出良好效果。
[Abstract]:Pine cypress is the most important group of gymnosperms, which has high economic and landscape value, but has not been paid enough attention to in landscape. Based on the study of the natural resources, ornamental characteristics and cultural characteristics of pine and cypress plants, this paper summarizes this special category of plants from the point of view of unity and diversity. Combined with the investigation of typical cases, this paper excavates the unique personality of the pine and cypress plants in the actual landscape application, sums up the allocation patterns of the pine cypress plants under various garden scales and types, and breaks through the traditional limitations in the use of the pine cypress landscape. Suggestions for the landscape construction of pine and cypress in the future are put forward. Starting with literature retrieval and combining with a large number of case studies, this paper focuses on the qualitative analysis of pine and cypress plant landscape resources, landscape characteristics and construction models. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, from the landscape resources, Pine and cypress plants in China show the general characteristics of "ancient historical origin, vast forest area and uneven distribution of resources". In terms of species number, pine plants occupy an absolute dominance in the resources of pine cypress. In distribution area, pine family, Taxodiaceae and cypress plants form a vast coniferous forest, which usually occupies the top of the community, and has an obvious advantage in the same niche. The associated plants form distinct layers. The natural landscape of pine and cypress plants is very different. There are dark coniferous forests, bright coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. 2. In terms of ornamental characteristics, pine cypress plants are usually tower or conical, with symmetrical crown. The tree is tall. Pine family, Taxaceae and so on to loose and bright texture. The cyperidae were characterized by dense closeness. The leaves and cones of pine and cypress plants are the important characteristics of distinguishing specific species, and together with bark and roots, they become the most ornamental and artistic characteristics of pine cypress. Pine cypress plants can produce natural wonders such as Songtao, rime and so on when they undergo phenological changes; the pine plants of Larix, Metasequoia, and Larix are conifers with significant seasonal changes. 3. In different scales, such as "surface", "flake", "line" and "dot", pine and cypress plants can form the plant landscape that other types of plants can not replace. In scenic areas, nature reserves, royal gardens and other types of plants often show the appearance and flake of the beauty of the landscape types, such as mausoleum, roads and other types of landscape often in a regular form of linear arrangement, In classical private gardens, city parks, plant gardens, plants are usually planted in the form of dots, paying attention to the cultural and monomeric posture of plants. 4, from the configuration mode, "Arbor shrub land cover" is the most common type of pine and cypress, which is mainly used in lawn landscape, country forest landscape and waterfront large-scale landscape type. The layer structure of Arbor-shrub-ground cover is mainly used in the small and medium scale memorial landscape and garden space. In order to maintain the unity of the landscape and highlight the towering and erect characteristics, it is not suggested that the pine and cypress plants should be matched with other types of plants in the same community layer, and in different layers, the trees and shrubs with bright flowers and fruits will set off a good effect.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S687
[Abstract]:Pine cypress is the most important group of gymnosperms, which has high economic and landscape value, but has not been paid enough attention to in landscape. Based on the study of the natural resources, ornamental characteristics and cultural characteristics of pine and cypress plants, this paper summarizes this special category of plants from the point of view of unity and diversity. Combined with the investigation of typical cases, this paper excavates the unique personality of the pine and cypress plants in the actual landscape application, sums up the allocation patterns of the pine cypress plants under various garden scales and types, and breaks through the traditional limitations in the use of the pine cypress landscape. Suggestions for the landscape construction of pine and cypress in the future are put forward. Starting with literature retrieval and combining with a large number of case studies, this paper focuses on the qualitative analysis of pine and cypress plant landscape resources, landscape characteristics and construction models. The main conclusions are as follows: 1, from the landscape resources, Pine and cypress plants in China show the general characteristics of "ancient historical origin, vast forest area and uneven distribution of resources". In terms of species number, pine plants occupy an absolute dominance in the resources of pine cypress. In distribution area, pine family, Taxodiaceae and cypress plants form a vast coniferous forest, which usually occupies the top of the community, and has an obvious advantage in the same niche. The associated plants form distinct layers. The natural landscape of pine and cypress plants is very different. There are dark coniferous forests, bright coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests. 2. In terms of ornamental characteristics, pine cypress plants are usually tower or conical, with symmetrical crown. The tree is tall. Pine family, Taxaceae and so on to loose and bright texture. The cyperidae were characterized by dense closeness. The leaves and cones of pine and cypress plants are the important characteristics of distinguishing specific species, and together with bark and roots, they become the most ornamental and artistic characteristics of pine cypress. Pine cypress plants can produce natural wonders such as Songtao, rime and so on when they undergo phenological changes; the pine plants of Larix, Metasequoia, and Larix are conifers with significant seasonal changes. 3. In different scales, such as "surface", "flake", "line" and "dot", pine and cypress plants can form the plant landscape that other types of plants can not replace. In scenic areas, nature reserves, royal gardens and other types of plants often show the appearance and flake of the beauty of the landscape types, such as mausoleum, roads and other types of landscape often in a regular form of linear arrangement, In classical private gardens, city parks, plant gardens, plants are usually planted in the form of dots, paying attention to the cultural and monomeric posture of plants. 4, from the configuration mode, "Arbor shrub land cover" is the most common type of pine and cypress, which is mainly used in lawn landscape, country forest landscape and waterfront large-scale landscape type. The layer structure of Arbor-shrub-ground cover is mainly used in the small and medium scale memorial landscape and garden space. In order to maintain the unity of the landscape and highlight the towering and erect characteristics, it is not suggested that the pine and cypress plants should be matched with other types of plants in the same community layer, and in different layers, the trees and shrubs with bright flowers and fruits will set off a good effect.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S687
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